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Metabolism

Discover how feasting and fasting affect metabolism, energy storage, and energy expenditure in the body. Learn about glycogen stores, fat utilization, basal metabolism, and more.

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Metabolism

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  1. Metabolism

  2. Feasting • Feasting adds to body stores of carbohydrate and fat • Excess carbohydrate  used to fill glycogen stores  excess glucose stored as fat • Excess fat  stored as fat • Excess protein  remove N and store as fat

  3. Fasting – Glycogen Available • Draw upon stores during: • fasts (even short-term) • during exercise • Energy stores used: • Carbohydrate – stored as ________________ • Fat

  4. Fasting – Glycogen Available • Liver glycogen  blood glucose  energy for all cells • Muscle glycogen  muscle glucose  energy for muscle cells • Fat stores  fatty acids in blood  provide energy for all cells, but brain and CNS

  5. Fasting – Glycogen Stores EMPTY • Only protein and fats are available as a source of energy • See board!

  6. Estimating Energy Needs Body uses energy for: • Basal metabolism • Thermic effect of food • Physical activity

  7. Basal Metabolism • Basal metabolism • Energy needed to maintain the body at complete rest (physical, emotional, and digestive) • Largest component of daily energy expenditure

  8. Basal Metabolism • Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) • # kcal burned per hour per kg body weight

  9. Basal Metabolism • BMR impacted by: • Lean body mass • More LBM, the higher your BMR • More fat, the lower your BMR • Age and gender (related to LBM) • BMR slows with age • BMR higher in males

  10. Basal Metabolism • Height • Taller, thinner people have a higher BMR • More surface area to support • Fever raise BMR • 10 F fever raises BMR by 7% • Fasting and malnutrition lower BMR

  11. Basal Metabolism • Smoking and caffeine raise BMR • Stress raises BMR

  12. Thermic Effect of Food • TEF – energy needed to digest, absorb, transport, and metabolize nutrients • Smallest component of daily energy expenditure • ~ 10% caloric intake

  13. Physical Activity • Physical Activity – energy needed to support voluntary activity • Energy required impacted by: • Muscle mass • Body weight • Nature of activity • Duration, intensity, frequency

  14. Energy Expenditure • Summary • To maintain energy balance, energy input must balance energy expenditure • Expend energy to: • support basal metabolism] • process foods (TEF) • support physical activity

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