EMEP Monitoring Strategy

1. EMEP Monitoring Strategy Status and challenges with main focus on the EECCA region Wenche Aas and Kjetil Tørseth EMEP/CCC (NILU)

2. UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (50 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first isEuropean Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties) • EMEP Topics • Acidification and Eutrophication • Photochemical oxidants • Heavy metals • Persistent Organic Pollutants • Particulate matter The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe

3. Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009 • Adopted in December 2004 • Three levels approach • Level 1 Basic (1.st priority for new Parties) • Level 2 Supersites (added to level 1 sites) • Level 3 Research driven supersites • Parties responsibility to implement the Strategy

4. Monitoring programme: • Level 1 • Main ions in precipitation and in air • heavy metals in precipitations • ozone • PM10 and PM2.5 mass • meteorology • at ca 125 sites • Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) • POPs • Heavy metals in air and aerosols • VOC • EC/OC, OC speciation • Mineral Dust • PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio • + all level 1 activities • 15-20 sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties

5. Monitoring programme, Level 3 Optical properties Scattering and absorption coefficients Research driven and voluntary,

6. Positive consequences • Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements. • The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC may assist when needed. • Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements. • A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established • Particulate matter observations are in very good progress • Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in some EECCA countries

7. Challenges Level 1 • Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe • Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1

8. New EMEP sites in the EECCA region KZ: Borovoye MD: Leovo UA: Danube delta GE: Abastumani AR: In process

9. New sites that will be establish: Georgia: Abastumani Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Moldova: Leovo Kazakhstan: Borovoye

10. CAPACT project (2004 –2007): “Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia” • Objective • The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) • Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc). • Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal. • Improved national energy policies. http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/

11. Challenges Level 1 • Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe • Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2 • POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention • Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance) • Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)

12. Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present: ~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008) ~ 70 samples(NILU 2006) ~30 samples(NMR 2007-2008) ~ 50 samples(INTAS 06-08)? GAPS study

13. Intensive PM level 2 measurements June 2006 and January 2007 • Chemical speciation • Size/nr distribution

14. New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme: http://www.neu.ceh.ac.uk/ http://www.eusaar.net/ GEOMON Global Earth Observation and Monitoring EUCAARI

15. Comments to the Report of the monitoring networks in the EECCA region: • Measurement programme • Only RU and BY that measure in rural areas. But it is not complete level 1 measurements at any sites. UA, MD,GE and KZ will measure in the near future. • Quality assurance and standardized methods • At present most countries follow the methods recommended by old Russian standards. But the EMEP manual is now translated and the new sites will implement the methods recommended here. • Several Participants at EMEP and GAW training courses • Data reporting • Very little data reported to international bodies (EMEP, GAW, EANET). At present it is only RU and BY that report data to EMEP

16. Expectations, EECCA countries • A very important region • High emissions • Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues • Little monitoring today • Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon. • Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary. • Beeing part of an international monitoring programme, as on transboundary air pollution, will in addition, give competence and awarness on other envirionmental issues