GPS Survey March 2006

1. GPS Survey March 2006

2. Survey Control Points • GPS versus Total Station/Data Collector • GPS = State Plane Coordinates • Total Station = Ground Coordinates • State Plane Conversion Factor • Example Plan Sheet

4. Survey Control Points • OPUS: Online Positioning User Service • Basis of Survey Datum • 4 Hour Observation • Minimum of 3 CORS: Continuously Operating Reference Stations • PDOP: Percent Dilution of Precision • Error Due to Satellite Configuration • PDOP No Higher Than 6, Prefer 5

5. Dilution of Precision

6. NDGPS Towers

7. NDGPS Towers

8. GPS Data Collection • Check Acceptable PDOP • Do NOT Use GPS “Calibration” • Use GPS Orientation “Initialization” • Do NOT use “Continuous ” Data Collection • Set At Each Point For a Set Time (10 Seconds) Set Number of Shots (10 Shots) • Check and Use Correct Antenna Type and Height

12. Guidance • Chapter 19 – Consultant Survey www.state.nd.us/dot/manuals/ surveymanual/surveyphotomanual.html • CADD Standards – Electronic Field Book Codes www.state.nd.us/dot/caddmanual4.html

13. OFE – Old Fashioned Engineering • Use Control Points • Cannot Tie Into USGS Benchmarks • Tie Into Known Points • Use Applicable Coordinate System for Survey Methods • Plot and Review Data

14. Erosion and Sediment Control Policies and Practices March, 2006

15. Federal Laws and Regulations • Clean Water Act (CWA). Designed to protect our nations water resources. Identified point source and non-point source pollution prevention regulations. • 1987 amendments to CWA , Phase I, to address polluted discharges from storm sewers (non-point). Erosion and sediment control • March 2003, Phase II implemented, included all areas identified as an Urban Area by the Census Bureau base on the latest census. • The EPA is the lead regulatory agency. • EPA is the permitting agency on Native American Reservations. • The NPDES program is administered statewide by the North Dakota Department of Health (NDDOH).

16. What is the goal of erosion and sediment control? • Stop erosion from occurring (mats, blankets, maintain vegetative cover) • When erosion occurs, incorporate sediment control measures to prevent transport of material. (silt fence, straw wattles, ditch checks) • Prevent sediment from leaving the project limits. Contain within NDDOT right-of-way. • Protect all water bodies (wetlands, streams, lakes, etc).

17. What has been done to address storm water issues within the NDDOT? • Revised Standard Specifications and Drawings, additional environmental guidance available in the Design Manual. • Revised permit process • Memorandum of Agreement with NDDOH • Decision Document (NDDOT) • Developed an Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. • Provide educational opportunities for NDDOT staff, consultants, and contractors. • Review new materials being used nationwide.

18. NDDOT Standard Specifications • Section 110 – Environmental Protection • Section 708 – Erosion Control • Section 709 – Geotextile Fabrics • Section 856 – Soil Retention Blankets

19. NDDOT Standard Specifications • 110.03 – Preconstruction Conference. • “The contractor shall submit in writing, for acceptance at the preconstruction conference or before starting work on the construction, a temporary erosion and pollution control plan.” • 110.04 – Operational Controls • “Where a work area is adjacent to a live stream or lake, or runoff water from the work area enters a live stream or lake, the Contractor shell erect barriers or provide sediment basins to prevent direct runoff from reaching the live stream or lake.” • 110.05 – Erosion Controls • …”The Contractor shall incorporate all permanent erosion control features into the Project at the earliest practical time as outlined in the accepted Plan.” • 110.06 – Method of Measurement and Payment. • “Should the Contractor fail to control erosion, pollution, and siltation, the Engineer will employ outside assistance or state force to do the work. The direct costs, overhead costs, and engineering costs incurred under these condition will be deducted from payments due the Contractor for work done on the Contract.

20. 2005 Construction Site Review • Prior to earth moving activities erosion and sediment control measures must be in place. • This means at locations where stormwater may leave NDDOT right-of-way (streams, lakes, wetlands, Waters of the State as defined by the permit. This does not include ESCM’s that are not to be implemented until after the initial earth work is performed (silt fence, straw wattles, etc.). • Contractor is responsible for inspecting and maintaining ESCM’s during construction phase of project • If you are the prime contractor and have subcontracted out the stormwater portion of the project, you are still responsible for inspecting and maintaining ESCM’s, if the sub cannot perform the duties (time frame) as defined by the permit. “Not my job” will not be an acceptable excuse. • Topsoil is to be stockpiled, not used as a haul road. • 24 hours to inspect ESCM’s after a .5 inch rain event or within 24 hours. This is a permit requirement!

21. 2005 Construction Site Review cont. • Debris left behind after active construction must be removed immediately. • Appendix 2 of the ND Construction Permit –House Keeping and Operational Procedures • Concrete curing compound left along site for multiple days. • Those areas with a continuous positive slope within 200 lineal feet of a surface water, temporary erosion protection or permanent cover must be applied within 21 days of completing or ceasing earth moving activities. • Wetted perimeters must be stabilized within 200 lineal feet from the property edge, or from the point of discharge to any surface water. Stabilization should be completed within 24 hours of connecting to a surface water. • Stage Construction – If 10 miles of road is disturbed than 10 miles worth of ESCM’s must be incorporated, inspected and maintained.

22. 2005 Construction Site Review cont. • It appears that specifications and permit provisions could be better enforced. • Inspections and reporting as defined in the permit. • Maintenance as defined by the permit • Sediment Terraces in ditch bottoms • Sediment not removed from water bodies resulting from deposition • Specifications • Spec. 110.05 – “When a suspension of work is ordered or when operations on the project are suspended for the winter, the Contractor shall take all action necessary to control erosion, pollution and runoff during the shutdown period before the Department accepts responsibility for maintenance.” • Grading is being performed for entire length of project at one time. See Spec. 110.05 for the limits of disturbance relating to clearing and grubbing.

23. Memorandum of Agreement between NDDOT and NDDOH. • No signature required on permits from the NDDOT. NDDOT is the owner and ultimately liable. • Identifies contractors as the responsible parties for obtaining and ensuring permit compliance as defined in the permit. • Rainfall waiver for eastern 1/3 of state to allow consistent stabilization and permit closure. • Waiver for non-contiguous projects over 1 acre. • NDDOH can reactivate a permit (in whole or in part) for a period of three years after final stabilization, if a stabilization method other than 70% pre-existing vegetative cover is selected.

24. NORTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SPECIAL PROVISION GENERAL PERMIT FOR STORM WATER DISCHARGES FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES November 2005 This project requires that a General Permit for Storm Water Discharges (Permit) be obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8. An application package detailing the steps necessary to obtain the permit, all necessary forms, and the requirements which need to be met to satisfy the permit may be acquired by contacting the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8 at: Region 8 Storm Water Coordinator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (8EPR-EP) 999 18th Street, Suite 300 Denver, CO 80202-2466 1-800-227-8917 ext. 6082 The forms and requirements outlined in the package are also available on the worldwide web at: http://www.epa.gov/region08/water/stormwater/downloads.html It is mandatory that the contractor fulfill all requirements as directed by the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8. The contractor will furnish a copy of the completed application package and, once obtained, the Permit to the engineer. If, upon written final acceptance of the project by the NDDOT, the project area has not met the requirements necessary to file a Notice of Termination in accordance with Section V.5, “Termination of Coverage” of the Permit, the contractor will fulfill the requirements outlined in Section VI.3, “Reporting Requirements – Permit Transfers” of the Permit. The Permit will be transferred to the applicable NDDOT district. NORTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SPECIAL PROVISION AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE NORTH DAKOTA POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM November 2005 This project requires that the contractor obtain an “Authorization to Discharge Under the North Dakota Pollutant Discharge Elimination System” Permit (Permit) from the North Dakota Department of Health. An application package detailing the steps necessary to obtain the permit, all necessary forms, and the requirements which need to be met to satisfy the permit may be acquired by contacting the North Dakota Department of Health at: North Dakota Department of Health Division of Water Quality 1200 Missouri Avenue, Room 203 P.O. Box 5520 Bismarck, ND 58506-5520 Telephone: 701-328-5210 The forms and requirements contained in the package are also available on the internet at: http://www.health.state.nd.us/wq/Storm/Construction/ConstructionHome.htm It is mandatory that the contractor fulfill all requirements as directed by the North Dakota Department of Health. The contractor will furnish a copy of the completed application package and, once obtained, the Permit to the engineer. If, upon written final acceptance of the project by the NDDOT, the project area has not met the requirements necessary to file a Notice of Termination in accordance with Section I.H, “Notice of Termination (NOT)” of the Permit, the contractor will fulfill the requirements outlined in Section I.G, “Transfer of Ownership or Control” of the Permit. Ownership and control will be transferred to the applicable NDDOT district. Revised Stormwater Special Provisions

25. NDDOT Stormwater Decision Document Purpose of the document was to address post construction inspection and maintenance. • How do we achieve final stabilization? • Methods other than the emergence and coverage by permanently seeded grasses. • Modify existing practices to increase the use of mulch/erosion blanket, temporary and permanent seeding. • When possible the Notice of Termination is to be part of the final documentation submitted before the project can be finalized. • Who will be responsible for post construction maintenance? • Maintenance/Districts will be responsible for post construction maintenance if the permit cannot be closed at the time of project finalization.

26. Construction Permit Process Revisions and Clarifications • Design Division – selection and design of ESCM’s • Contractor develops Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and acquires the permit. • During construction the contractor is responsible for insuring permit compliance. • NDDOT is ultimately liable, since we own the project! • Contractor responsible for placement and removal of temporary erosion control measures (if possible) and the incorporation of permanent erosion measures as soon as possible. • Prior to final written acceptance of the project, the permit is either closed (contractor) or notice is sent to the district indicating permit responsibilities are the NDDOT’s. • Pending NDDOH approval, permit closure is issued.

27. What changes are in store for the future? • Greater emphasis on water quality on all projects. • EPA – Native American Reservations • NDDOH – Statewide, except reservations • Greater enforcement of erosion and sediment control measures (NDDOT, NDDOH, EPA). • Potential monitoring of all waters leaving NDDOT right-of-way (TMDL). • Greater development of educational materials.

28. Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDL) Establishes a limit, of a given pollutant, that can be introduced to a water body (lake, river, stream) in a 24 hour period. THIS INCLUDES SEDIMENT! 90 water bodies or 163 waterbody/pollutant combinations for TMDL completion in the next two years. 17 water bodies or 32 waterbody/pollutant combinations are scheduled to begin within the next two years Within the next 10 years, 53% of the waters ( Types 1a, 1b, 2) currently listed on the draft 2006 TMDL list will be completed.

29. Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook • “Cookbook” of ESCM’s. • Reference to Erosion Control Measures and Permit Information • IS NOT A STANDARD SPECIFICATION OR STANDARD DRAWING. • Contains information on design, installation, and maintenance on ESCM’s. • Periodic updates will be performed.

30. MS4 requirements and responsibilities of the NDDOT. • Includes all state highways, including I-94 and I-29, that enter or drain into identified urbanized areas including the counties the communities are located within. • Existing MS4 communities: Bismarck, Fargo, Grand Forks, Mandan, West Fargo. • Pending MS4 communities: Dickinson, Jamestown, Minot, Williston • Develop and implement interaction/partnerships between NDDOT and others (cities and states) that have received MS4 status. • Annual reports submitted to NDDOH relating to the progress and development of a comprehensive storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPP).

31. Who is responsible at NDDOT for stormwater compliance? • Design • Construction • Maintenance/Districts It is everyone's responsibility!

32. DesignResponsibilities • Coordinate all MS4 activities • Design site plan for Erosion Control Measures (ECM). • Maintain partnership with the MS4 permittees to address common issues. • Develop ECM’s for post construction runoff water quality control. • Develop and review construction standards for onsite erosion and sediment control. • Develop educational material and train personnel on the review of storm water management plans and inspection procedures.

33. ConstructionResponsibilities • Receive and review contractor submitted erosion and pollution control plan prior to the start of construction. • Insure proper placement of ESCM’s as indicated on NDDOT supplied plan sheets. • Review weekly and storm runoff (> .50 in.) inspections of ESCM’s during construction and retain with project records. • Enforcement of Standard Specification and ESCM’s. • Develop penalties for contractors failing to comply with the storm water management plan. • Maintain inspections until contract has been finalized. • If changes are made in the field to the stormwater pollution prevention plan, those changes must be sent to NDDOH.

34. Maintenance/DistrictsResponsibilities • Responsible for overseeing compliance for insuring MS4 compliance on all NDDOT projects and properties. • If the permit cannot be closed at the time of final written acceptance of the project, all inspection, maintenance, and reporting duties will be the responsibility of the district until the site has achieved final stabilization. • After the contract has been finalized the Maintenance/Districts will be responsible for maintaining all permanent ESCM’s if necessary. • Develop and review construction standards for onsite erosion and sediment control. • Develop penalties for contractors failing to comply with the storm water management plan.

35. Section 404 Permitting March 2006

36. Federal Laws and Regulations • Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 • Regulates construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway in navigable waters • Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977 • Section 404 gives regulatory authority over dredge/fill activities in waters of the US

37. What are considered waters of the US? • All waters currently used, or were used in the past, to move interstate or foreign commerce • All interstate waters and wetlands • All intrastate lakes, rivers, and streams • Tributaries • Territorial seas • Adjacent wetlands (bordering, contiguous, or neighboring)

38. What is considered a wetland? • Areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted to life in saturated soil conditions

39. NDDOT Process • Complete wetland delineation • Request jurisdictional determination of all waters and wetlands from USACE • Permit USACE jurisdictional waters and wetlands • Avoid, minimize, or mitigate all wetland impacts, including isolated wetlands protected under EO 11990

40. Three types of permits • Nationwide permit – authorizes activities on a nationwide basis (NW 14 authorizes linear transportation projects with impacts less than ½ acre) • Regional (general) permit – issued on a nationwide or regional basis for a particular category of actions (FL - minor bridge replacement) • Individual permit – authorizes activities on a case by case evaluation of a specific project. Typically issued for projects that are likely to have more than a minimal impact on aquatic resources

41. Standard permit conditions • Minimal adverse effect on navigation • Proper maintenance • BMPs for erosion and sedimentation control • Minimal degradation of water quality • Compliance with other Federal laws and regulations (i.e. historic properties, endangered species, wild and scenic rivers)

42. Permit compliance • A strength of the permit program is its strong enforcement effort • The USACE and NDDOT (applicant) are committed to enforcing compliance with the terms of the permits

43. Compliance certification • Every permittee must submit a signed certification regarding the complete work and any required mitigation • Signature from District certifies that the authorized work was done in accordance with the permit and conditions

44. Who is responsible at NDDOT for permit compliance? • Design • Construction • Maintenance/Districts It is everyone's responsibility!