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Hierarchy of Iron Alloys

Hierarchy of Iron Alloys. Numbering System. Low Carbon Steel. Medium Carbon Steel and its Alloys. Cast Iron. With a small amount of Si, Fe 3 C → a -Fe and graphite. Clockwise from upper left: gray cast iron, nodular (ductile) cast iron, white iron and malleable iron. Stainless Steels.

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Hierarchy of Iron Alloys

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  1. Hierarchy of Iron Alloys

  2. Numbering System

  3. Low Carbon Steel

  4. Medium Carbon Steel and its Alloys

  5. Cast Iron With a small amount of Si, Fe3C → a-Fe and graphite

  6. Clockwise from upper left: gray cast iron, nodular (ductile) cast iron, white iron and malleable iron

  7. Stainless Steels

  8. Tool Steels

  9. Aluminum Alloys

  10. Copper Alloys

  11. Titanium Alloys

  12. Magnesium Alloys

  13. TAXONOMY OF CERAMICS • Properties: --Tmelt for glass is moderate, but large for other ceramics. --Small toughness, ductility; large moduli & creep resist. • Applications: --High T, wear resistant, novel uses from charge neutrality. • Fabrication --some glasses can be easily formed --other ceramics can not be formed or cast. 5

  14. APPLICATION: REFRACTORIES • Need a material to use in high temperature furnaces. • Consider Silica (SiO2) - Alumina (Al2O3) system. • Phase diagram shows: mullite, alumina, and crystobalite (made up of SiO2) tetrahedra as candidate refractories. 6

  15. APPLICATION: DIE BLANKS • Die blanks: --Need wear resistant properties! • Die surface: --4 mm polycrystalline diamond particles that are sintered on to a cemented tungsten carbide substrate. --polycrystalline diamond helps control fracture and gives uniform hardness in all directions. 7

  16. SUMMARY • • Steels: increase TS, hardness (and cost) by adding • C (low alloy steels) • Cr, V, Ni, Mo, W (high alloy steels) • Ductility usually decreases w/ additions • Nonferrous: • Cu, Al, Ti, Mg Refractory, and noble metals • Basic categories of ceramics: • Glasses • Clay products • Refactories • Cements • Advanced ceramics 10

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