Maritime spatial planning – approaches for effectiveness evaluation

1. 1st EEA/EIONET workshop – Maritime 26 Oct 2010 at European Environment Agency, Copenhagen Maritime spatial planning – approaches for effectiveness evaluation Søren Anker Pedersen, ETC/Water

2. What is Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP)? MSP and fisheries in German offshore waters (The EMPAS project – MSP in practice)

3. 1) What is Maritime Spatial Planning(MSP)? MSP a tool to: - optimize the human used of the marine ecosystem - optimize benefits from ecosystem goods and services The purpose… Achieve “Good Environmental Status” within the marine ecosystems, while promoting long-term sustainable use of marine resources - within the framework and “guidance” of EU Maritime Policy

4. MSP does not lead to a one-time plan. It is a continuing, iterative process that learns and adapts over time. Figure from: Guide on MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING – A Step-by-Step Approach toward Ecosystem-based Management by Charles Ehler and Fanny Douvere, UNESCO, 2009.

5. The PlanCoast Project 2006-2008 Step 1: Assessing the context and establishing a general framework for IMSP Step 2: Drawing up a guiding vision Step 3: Refining the stocktake and mapping Step 4: Analysis: identifying issues and problems Step 5: Developing solutions for the problems identified Step 6: Drawing up a plan Step 7: Implementation Step 8: Evaluation

7. From WWF BaltSeaPlan project Brochure, 2010

8. From WWF BaltSeaPlan project Brochure, 2010

9. From WWF BaltSeaPlan project Brochure, 2010

11. From WWF BaltSeaPlan project Brochure, 2010

12. From WWF BaltSeaPlan project Brochure, 2010

13. 2. MSP and fisheries in German offshore waters (The EMPAS project – MSP in practice)

14. 1 Baltic Sea 4 4 2 1 3 6 2 5 North Sea 3 Environmentally Sound Fisheries Management in Marine Protected Areas(EMPAS) project 2006-2008 • German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) • responsible for: • selection, • designation, • management ICES advice on fisheries management in N2K sites www.ices.dk/projects/empas.asp

15. NATURA 2000-protected habitats and species in the North Sea Habitat-Directive (FFH-Directive) and the Bird Directive (BD) FFH-Habitats Sandbank, Reefs Benthic commuities FFH-Annex II Marine Mammals Harbour porpoise, Harbour Seal, Grey Seal Shad, Twaite Shad, Hounting, River Lamprey, Sea Lamprey, Sturgeon FFH-Annex II Fish Species Red-throated Diver, Black-throated Diver, Terns, Common Scoter, Long-tailed duck, etc. BD Annex I and migratory bird species

16. Natura 2000 sites Dogger Bank Sylt Outer Reef Borkum Reef Ground Protected habitat types: "sandbanks" and "reefs"

17. The EMPAS Project: Targets For each designated Natura 2000 site in the German EEZ: • 1. Mapping of fishing activities and effort; • 2. Analysis of impact of fishing activities on habitats and species; • 3. Identify conflicts between fishing activities and nature conservation objectives/targets; • Develop management options

18. Natura 2000 sites and International Fisheries Example: 2004

19. Example: All Dutch VMS data 2006

20. Example: Sylt Outer Reef Fock et al., 2007

21. Example: Fock et al., 2007

22. Benthic habitats and typical species: • Destructive effects of bottom contacting gear Conflict analysis: Fishing activities and nature conservation targets Impact of bottom trawls on "sandbanks" and "reefs"

23. Fine scale distribution of fishing activities • Consultation and cooperation with fishers: • Fishing track plotters (GPS), sea charts, and personal experiences • Explain fisheries data and misunderstandings • Contribute VMS data • and fishery information • Find solutions to conflicts

24. The EMPAS project results and the future • From no-change option to partial and full closures for fisheries • The EMPAS results are starting points to develop a management strategy for Natura 2000 sites • Final management plans have not yet been developed/implemented • The revised CFP should harmonize different national approaches/proposals to Natura 2000 management

25. Maritime Spatial Planning German EEZ North Sea 2020: 12,000 MW 2030: 25,000 MW Berkenhagen et al. (2010)

26. MSP and fisheries in the German EEZ • - cumulative losses and benefits • Wind farm approvals case-by-case overlooks the cumulative impact of planned and projected wind farms on fisheries • Better understanding of the impact of wind farms establishments on individual vessels, fishing association and harbour towns in future Useful information in MSP and trade-off evaluation are: • cumulative losses (benefit losses) • costs of displacement of fishing effort to other areas • habitats affected by the wind farm influence species • possible benefits: • a) new species attracted by the different habitats, • b) marine aquaculture or • c) the closure leads to increasing catch possibilities outside • cumulative effects of closing many areas for fishing • (wind farms, military areas, shipping lines, Natura 2000 areas, etc.)

27. Summary • Uniform approach to data collection, harmonization and classification • Coherent ecological information • Coherent information on human activities • Identify scientific principles/methodologies for e.g. assessing multiple pressures, environmental status assessment etc. • Link economic values to ecosystem benefits • Considering economical and social impacts in line with ecological impacts will increase the willingness for seeking a sound and sustainable compromise

28. Monitoring the conservation status

29. Monitoring the conservation status DocHab-04-03/03 rev.3