Periodic Table Families

1. Periodic Table Families

2. Families on the Periodic Table • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. • Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. • Elements in each family react differently with other elements. • Vertical columns on the Periodic Table.

3. ALKALI METALS Group 1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • All are metals and solid at room temp • 1 Valence Electron • Soft and silvery, shiny • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

4. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 • Metals • Solids at room temp • 2 electrons in the outer shell • White, silvery, and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity

5. TRANSITION METALS • Metals • Almost all are solids at room temp (Hg) • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • 1 or 2 Valence Electrons • Less Reactive than Alkali and Alkaline Earth • Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes. • Most common elements

6. BORON FAMILY Group 3 • 3 electrons in the outer shell • Most are metals • Boron is a metalloid • Reactive • Solid at room temp

7. CARBON FAMILY Group 4 • 4 electrons in the outer shell • Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C) • Reactivity varies • Solids at room temp

8. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 • 5 electrons in the outer shell • Can share electrons to form compounds • Contains 1 metal, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals • Reactivity Varies • Nitrogen is the only gas at room temp, rest are solids

9. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 • 6 electrons in the outer shell • Contains 2 metalloids, and 3 non-metals • Reactive • Oxygen is a gas, the rest are solids at room temp

10. Halogens Group 7 • 7 electrons in the outer shell • 4 Non-metals; Astatine is a metalloid. • Very reactive - are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals • Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids

11. Noble Gases Group 8 • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Not reactive with other elements (Inert)

12. Rare Earth Metals • Some are Radioactive • The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • Conduct electricity

13. Metals • Most of the periodic table, located left of the staircase • Properties of metals: • Shiny/Luster • Malleable: able to be hammered and rolled into flat sheets or other shapes • Ductile: able to be pulled into long thin wires • Conductivity: able to transfer electricity or heat • Magnetic: (Fe, Co, Ni) • Reactivity: ease or speed with which an element combines with other elements

14. Bonding Families • Bonding occurs with the electrons in the outer most shell of the element. • Remember that the first electron ring can hold 2 electrons • the second can hold a maximum of 8. • 8 is the magic number. • The usual bonding partners: • Group 1  Group 17 • Group 2 Group 16 • Group 13 Group 15 • Group14 Group 14

15. Non-metals • Located to the right of the staircase • The solid non-metals are: • Dull • Brittle • Poor conductors of electricity and heat • Reactive with other elements (readily form compounds)

16. Metalloids • Located on the staircase • Have characteristics of metals and non-metals • Varying ability to conduct electricity • Used to make semi-conductors • Conduct electricity under some conditions but not others (computer chips, transistors, lasers)(Si, Ge, As)