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October 2012

October 2012. Chapter 2 - TEST The Adolescence of Air Power 1904-1919. Questions / Comments. THIS DAY IN AVIATION. October 22 1797 — The modern parachute is born as Andre-Jacques Garnerin makes the first human parachute descent from the air.

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October 2012

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  1. October 2012

  2. Chapter 2 - TEST The Adolescence of Air Power 1904-1919

  3. Questions / Comments

  4. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • October 22 • 1797 — The modern parachute is born as Andre-Jacques Garnerin makes the first human parachute descent from the air. • Garnerinjumps from a hydrogen balloon at a height of 2,300 feet in Paris.

  5. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • October 22 • 1955 — The Republic F-105A “Thunderchief“ exceeds the speed of sound on its first flight.

  6. THIS DAY IN AVIATION • October 22 • 1957 — The “Jupiter,” United States Army's intermediate-range ballistic missile, flies its prescribed course and lands in a pre-selected target area.

  7. Questions / Comments

  8. Chapter 2 The Adolescence of Air Power 1904-1919

  9. Today’s Mission Requirements • Standards Addressed: • Technological Literacy • Students will develop an understanding of the: • Characteristics and scope of technology. • Core concepts of technology. • Relationships among technologies and the connections between technology and the other fields of study. • English Language Arts • Students will: • Conduct research and gather, evaluate and synthesize data and communicate their discoveries to their audience. • Use a variety of technological and informational resources to create and communicate knowledge.

  10. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? • Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. • What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? • Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? • Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane. • EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

  11. Dog Fights

  12. Conquer the Air • “The sky is about to become another battlefield no less important than the battlefields on land and sea....In order to conquer the air, it is necessary to deprive the enemy of all means of flying, by striking at him in the air, at his bases of operation, or at his production centers. We had better get accustomed to this idea, and prepare ourselves.” (Italian staff officer), 1909

  13. Introduction • Initially air combat was rare • Reconnaissance / observation took priority • Often rival aircraft waved or smiled at each other • Progressed to throwing bricks, grenades or even rope – hoping to get it tangled in the propeller • Eventually pilots began firing pistols at each other

  14. First aircraft brought down by another was an Austria reconnaissance rammed on Sep 8, 1914 by a Russian pilot • (both planes crashed – killing all)

  15. Introduction • As more and more bombing raids took place, clear need for control of the air was needed. • Fighter or pursuit aircraft were needed to drive off bombers.

  16. Fighter Development • 1915 – French pilot – Roland Garros • Mounted an automatic rifle on aircraft • Fired through the propeller • To keep from shooting off propeller, the rear of the propeller was armored with steel plates

  17. The Steel Deflector Plate Fix • Angled metal guards on the propeller in line with the path of the bullets • The guard is a "V" shaped piece of steel • "U" shaped bullet "gutter" intended to direct the deflected path of the bullet striking it away from the propeller. • sending a ricocheting bullet back into the pilot. • bullet striking the plate could create fractures in the propeller causing it to fail.

  18. Fighter Development • Germans captured Garros and his plane • Dutch – airplane designer – Anthony Fokker improved on design • Fokker designed a machine gun that fired through a spinning propeller • This gave Germans total control over the skies for over a year

  19. Anatomy of the Interrupter Gear

  20. Interrupting Gear

  21. Fokker E.I Eindecker: 1915 The Fokker E.I was the first aircraft armed with a synchronized, forward firing machine gun. Although underpowered and slow it could out-turn most of its opponents

  22. The engine revolves at least 1,000 turns per minute two chances for the gun to fire for each revolution this would allow the gun to fire 2,000 shots per minute The rate of fire of a machine gun varies from about 400 to 1,000 shots per minute

  23. Fighter Development • Allies tried to mount a gun to the top of the wing but was ineffective due to increased drag

  24. The Wing-Mounted Gun Solution: • Fire above the path of the propeller: • Fitted with either drum or clip ammunition feed systems • Two issues: • Unreliable and prone to jamming • difficulttask of reloading ammunition or clearing a round from a jammed gun while flying

  25. Fighter Development • 1916 – allies captured a German plane and were able to copy the machine gun design British Fe2b

  26. Nieuport 11: 1915 The Nieuport 11 "Bébé" (baby) was fast and extremely maneuverable. Used by the British and French to counter the Fokker E.III.

  27. SPAD S VII: 1916 The French Air Service replaced the Nieuport 17 with the SPAD S.VII, it was fast, durable and difficult to shoot down.

  28. Sopwith Camel: 1917 An agile, highly maneuverable biplane, the Sopwith Camel accounted for more aerial victories than any other Allied aircraft during World War I.

  29. Fokker Dr.I - 1917 The Fokker DR.I triplane was small, lightweight and highly maneuverable, it offered good upward, visibility making it an outstanding plane in a dogfight

  30. Fokker D.VII - 1918 The Fokker D.VII is widely regarded as the best German fighter aircraft of the Great War.

  31. Fighter Development • May 1918 • German designer Hugo Junkers built world’s first all metal, low-wing monoplane fighter called the Junkers D1 • Arrived too late to make a difference in the war but was the fighter of the future

  32. Junkers D.I: 1918 The Junkers monoplane was rugged, fast, and agile. The design was a decade ahead of its time appearing a year too late

  33. Questions / Comments

  34. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? • Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. • What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? • Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? • Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane. • EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

  35. Introduction • As more and more bombing raids took place, clear need for control of the air was needed. • Fighter or pursuit aircraft were needed to drive off bombers.

  36. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? • Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. • What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? • Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? • Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane. • EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

  37. Fighter Development • 1915 – French pilot – Roland Garros • Mounted an automatic rifle on aircraft • Fired through the propeller • To keep from shooting off propeller, the rear of the propeller was armored with steel plates

  38. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? • Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. • What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? • Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? • Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane. • EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

  39. Fighter Development • Germans captured Garros and his plane • Dutch – airplane designer – Anthony Fokker improved on design • Fokker designed a machine gun that fired through a spinning propeller • This gave Germans total control over the skies for over a year

  40. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? • Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. • What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? • Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? • Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane. • EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

  41. Fighter Development • Allies tried to mount a gun to the top of the wing but was ineffective due to increased drag

  42. The Wing-Mounted Gun Solution: • Fire above the path of the propeller: • Fitted with either drum or clip ammunition feed systems • Two issues: • Unreliable and prone to jamming • difficulttask of reloading ammunition or clearing a round from a jammed gun while flying

  43. Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? • Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. • What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? • Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? • Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane. • EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

  44. Fighter Development • May 1918 • German designer Hugo Junkers built world’s first all metal, low-wing monoplane fighter called the Junkers D1 • Arrived too late to make a difference in the war but was the fighter of the future

  45. Questions / Comments

  46. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 3. List 3 things you learned today. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1

  47. Questions / Comments

  48. Flyboys

  49. Model Building Grading Rubic • Each Group MUST follow all directions • STOP! - If you are unsure • SAFETY at ALL Times • Accuracy and Authenticity will be judged • Each Group Member is responsible to produce a 2 page paper on the model. • Aircraft Specifications • Aircraft contribution to Aviation development • Significant Aviation Pioneers associated with aircraft (pilots, inventors etc.) • The Group will provide a Presentation on the model. • 5to 7 slides (Title slide; Body; Summary Slide)

  50. Questions / Comments

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