Chapter 24

1. Chapter 24 The United States In World War II

2. Sec. 1The War in Europe & N. Africa Review of WWII Battles Operation Barbarossa • Hitler breaks “Non Aggression” Pact with Soviet Union by invading Soviet Union in Summer of 1941 • Uses Blitzkreigand takes much of western Russia • Battle of Stalingrad – Soviets defeat Germans. Hitler’s forces begin retreat back to Germany. HITLER LOOSES 2 MILLION TROOPS . . . Invasion of Soviet Union a TOTAL FAILURE!

3. Russian citizens victims of the “scorched earth” policy by retreating Soviet troops outside of Leningrad Russian resistance fighters dead in the street Rostov after the Nazis moved through the city Nazi advance halted by the Russian winter Red Army prisoners pass Nazi units

4. Operation Torch Allies invade Morocco and Algeria: Nov. 1942 July 1943: Allies attack Italy from Africa Kasserine Pass

5. July 1943: Allies take Sicily Italians overthrow Mussolini Allies Slowed by Nazis

6. Operation Overlord • Stalin needed help fighting Hitler on continental Europe • Allies needed to launch massive invasion of Europe • Calais or Normandy? CALAIS NORMANDY

7. GOAL: Create a Western Front

8. June 6, 1944: D-DAY Beaches of Normandy

9. 10,000+ Allied Casualties 6,000 American Casualties

11. D-Day (Saving Private Ryan)

12. The Allies begin “closing the ring” on Hitler Berlin Paris liberated, August 1944

13. Battle of the Bulge • As the Allies moves east towards Germany, Germans launch a massive counterattack in Belgium. • Hitler launched this attack for 3 reasons: • Stop the Allies march to Germany • Cut off the Allies supplies by controlling the port of Antwerp • Break up the Allied alliance

14. “The Bulge” German armored divisions strike and push the Allied line back—creating a “bulge” Allied front line

15. Americans defeat Germans at Bastogne and push Germans back with help by reinforcements under Gen. George Patton. • By January, Allies continue marching forward toward Germany. • Victory gives Americans renewed strength and determination of victory

16. Battle of the Bulge

17. HOMEWORK Section 3 on the War in the Pacific Complete the remainder of the Cornell Notes

18. SWITCH GEARS!

19. The Holocaust

20. Hitler’s Ideology • Born an Austrian . . . Believed in the superiority & unity of the German peoples • Lead the National Socialist Party (Nazi’s) • Promoted belief in the racial superiority of the German (Aryan) race. • Anti-Semitic – Hostility, hatred and prejudice against the Jewish people • Jews blamed for all of Germany’s problems • Hitler believed Europe needed to be purged of all Jews

21. MEIN KAMPF (“My Struggle”) • Book wrote by Hitler while in prison • Hitler wrote of his philosophy and goals • Focused on greatness of Germany and Hitler’s racism towards Jews

22. Mein Kampf Quotes… “The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.” “The broad masses of a population are more amenable to the appeal of rhetoric than to any other force.” “The [Nazi party] should not become a constable of public opinion, but must dominate it. It must not become servant of the masses, but thei master!”

23. The Aryan Race • “The Master Race” according to Hitler • Believed German people were superior in • appearance (blond hair/blue eyes idea) • intelligence • talent • courage. • Led to Hitler’s belief that non-Aryans had to be exterminated

24. Hitler’s Ideas in Action • Nuremberg Laws – Ant-Semitic German laws passed under Hitler designed to drive Jews out of Germany. • Defined who was and wasn’t a Jew • Jews denied citizenship in Nazi Germany • Jews prohibited from marrying Germans • Jews prohibited from displaying Nazi flag

26. Kristallnacht • “Night of broken glass” • Night of anti-Jewish riots and attacks across Germany • Thousands of Jewish business and Synagogues damaged • 100 Jews murdered

27. Over 26,000 Jews Arrested and sent to concentration camps

28. As Hitler took over Europe he imprisoned millions of Jews • Ghettos – Neighborhoods in cities that Jews were confined to live in

29. As Hitler took over Europe he imprisoned millions of Jews • Concentration Camps – Prison compounds that imprisoned Jews and political enemies of Nazi Germany • Prisoners received little food and forced to perform hard labor • Starvation and overwork designed to kill Examples: Dachau and Treblinka

31. The Final Solution Hitler’s call for the total destruction of the Jewish population of Europe through Extermination Camps GENOCIDE

32. HOMEWORK Go over Section 3 on the War in the Pacific Complete the remainder of the Cornell Notes

33. WWII – The Homefront The Main Idea: WWII did not just affect the lives of the men in the military. It affected the lives of every man, woman & child back home in the U.S.A.

34. “Not all of us can have the privilege of fighting our enemies in distant parts of the world . . . But there is one front and one battle where everyone in the United States is in action. That front is right here at home.

35. Three ways Americans at home contributed to the war effort • Labor • Conserving food & goods • Investing in the government

36. Labor • War resulted in increase in American industrial production • Economy converted from civilian to military production • Automobile companies  Tanks & Airplanes • Machine shops  Pistols & Ammunition • Textiles  Uniforms & Parachutes

38. Increase of Labor Force

39. Women enter the labor force to replace men ROSIE THE RIVETER Cultural icon that represented the new female labor force Women made up About 30% of the labor Force during WWII

40. Conserving Food & Goods After the U.S. enters war, the government begins RATIONING Limiting the amount of certain products that each individual could purchase Examples of Rationed Goods:, sugar, gasoline, bicycles, footwear, fuel oil, Silk, Nylon, coffee, stoves, shoes, meat, lard, shortening and oils, butter, margarine, processed foods, dried fruits, canned milk, firewood and coal

41. Each family given a “Ration Book” . . . Goods could only be purchased with stamps

43. Victory Gardens Because food was in such short supply, Americans were encouraged to plant Victory Gardens. Spare land was used to plant gardens to grow extra food – Vegetables, herbs & fruits. Gardens were planted on rooftops in cities, backyards, vacant lots, school yards, etc.

44. Significance of Victory Gardens • Over 20 million Victory Gardens planted producing 8 million tons of produce • Reduced pressure on the food supply • United communities & encouraged patriotism

46. Millions of tons of scrap metal was collected and melted down to help produce parts of ships, tanks, ammunition and other weapons for the war effort Children were able to contribute by organizing to collect scrap metal

47. Investing in the Government • The U.S. government needed to raise money to fund the war • War Bonds: Loans made by citizens to the U.S. government to raise capital for financing military operations during the war

48. How it worked Provides “capital” for government to spend on the war effort Citizens “loaned” money to the government by purchasing War Bonds AFTER THE WAR . . . Citizens cashed in their Bonds and received their money back

49. ANOTHER WAY AMERICANS SHOWED PATRIOTISM AND PERFORMED THEIR CIVIC DUTY

50. By the end of the War . . . 85 Million Americans had purchased War Bonds $185 Billion raised to fund the war effort