Ing. Marcel Grün, Hvězdárna a planetárium hl. m. Prahy KOSMICKÁ TECHNIKA

1. Ing. Marcel Grün,Hvězdárna a planetárium hl. m. Prahy KOSMICKÁ TECHNIKA

7. Band Frequency Wavelength Energy Application X-rays 30.3 PHz - 3 EHz 10 - 0.1 nm 125 - 12.5 keV X-ray machines, sunflare Extreme ultraviolet, EUV 4.5 - 30.3 PHz 70 - 10 nm 18 - 125 eV UV, ionosphere ionization Visible (red - violet) 398 - 750 THz 800 - 400 nm 1.6 - 3.1 eV Visible spectrum, light Super High Frequency, SHF 3 - 30 GHz 10 - 1 cm 13 - 132 meV Microwaves, satellite, Ham Ultra High Frequency, UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz 100 - 10 cm 1.1 - 13 meV Microwaves, GSM, Ham Very High Frequency, VHF 30 - 300 MHz 10 - 1 m 132 neV - 1.1 meV FM Radio, Avi, Ham  High Frequency, HF 3 - 30 MHz 100 - 10 m 13 - 132 neV SW Radio, Ham Medium Frequency, MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz 1000 - 100 m 1.3 - 13 neV AM Radio, SW, Ham Low Frequency, LF 30 - 300 kHz 10 - 1 km 120 peV - 1.3 neV Beacons, AM, LW Radio Very Low Frequency, VLF 3 - 30 kHz 100 - 10 km 13 - 120 peV Sound, Navy, geophysics Extreme Low Frequency, ELF 30 Hz - 3 kHz 10000 - 100 km 125 - 13 peV Sound, power, Navy

8. Band Approx. Range ofWavelengths (cm) ApproximateFrequencies UHF 100 - 10 300 - 3000 MHz L 30 - 15 1 - 2 GHz S 15 - 7.5 2 - 4 GHz C 7.5 - 3.75 4 - 8 GHz X 3.75 - 2.4 8 - 12 GHz K 2.4 - 0.75 12 - 40 GHz Q 0.75 - 0.6 40 - 50 GHz V 0.6 - 0.4 50 - 80 GHz W 0.4 - 0.3 80 - 90 GHz

10. Above left Groter Reber, W9GFZ' s parabolic dish of 10m (31.4 ft) in diameter that he used in 1938 in his backyard of Wheaton, Illinois. At center Reber standing in front of his antenna now at the permanently historical display on the NRAO grounds in Green Bank, WV. The picture was taken in the late 1970s after the telescope was painted red, white, and blue for the US bicentennial. At right the new Green Bank Telescope, nickname GBT, erected in 2004. This is a 7,000-ton steerable dish of 100x110m in diameter. How does it perform ? Compared to ham standards, at 432 MHz the GBT provides more than 51.5 dB gain ! In other words, if you place a 7 W signal at the prime focus, it will be radiated with an effective power of 1 megawatts !

14. Hydrogen masers developed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory have been in the Deep Space Network since 1977. Its stability is equivalent to the gain or loss of 1 second in 30 million years. With use of this standard, a spacecraft navigating to Jupiter could come within 37 kilometers (23 miles) of its aiming point.

15. Spacecraft Right Ascension

18. Panská Ves (pracoviště Ústavu fyziky atmosféry AV ČR)

44. spacecraft are intended to perform: • Flyby spacecraft • Orbiter spacecraft • Atmospheric spacecraft • Lander spacecraft • Penetrator spacecraft • Rover spacecraft • Observatory spacecraft • Communications & Navigation spacecraft • We illustrate these eight classes by offering one prime

45. Družice - vědecké - geofyzikální gravimetrické fyzikální … observatoře aplikované - meteorologické telekomunikační navigační dálkový průzkum Země Kosmické sondy - průletové družicové atmosférické moduly přistávací moduly penetrátory mobilní zařízení