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Populations

Populations. What is a population?. A group of organisms of one species that can breed and live in the same place at the same time deer population. Community. A group of organisms of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment.

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Populations

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  1. Populations

  2. What is a population? • A group of organisms of one species that can breed and live in the same place at the same time • deer population

  3. Community • A group of organisms of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment. • community of a pond • Only the living organisms

  4. Ecosystem • All living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its nonliving environment(abiotic factors) functioning together as a unit.

  5. Living or nonliving? • Biotic-Living • Abiotic-Nonliving

  6. What makes up the ecosystem? • Think about the picture you just saw…….. • Think about 1 fish-now, what other things would have to join in to make up its population? • What would make up its community? • What would make up its ecosystem?

  7. What do organisms need to survive? • What are the things that organisms need to survive in any ecosystem?

  8. How do they get those things?

  9. Competition • When more than one organism tries to get the same food, shelter, or space, they compete for it • Competition is when organisms are all trying to win the same food, space, shelter or mates

  10. Who would survive? • Would it be easier to survive if you were competing for the same place to live as other populations or if you lived someplace different? • What about food-easier if you ate one type of food or ate a few different things in your ecosystem?

  11. Niche • The specific area where an organism inhabits. • The role or function of an organism or species in an ecosystem • The interrelationship of a species with all the biotic and abiotic factors affecting it.

  12. What things could cause an organism not to survive?

  13. Limiting Factors • Limiting Factors (LFs) = things that prevent a population from growing any larger. • THINK CARRYING CAPACITY! • 2 types of limiting factors • Density Dependent • Density Independent

  14. Density Dependent Limiting Factors • These are factors that exist when there are large numbers of organisms in an area • What are some examples? • Food • Shelter • Space • Water • Oxygen • Nutrients • YOU CAN RUN OUT OF THEM!!!

  15. Density Independent Limiting Factors • Doesn’t matter if there are a small or large number of organisms in an area • Examples: • Fire • Tornado • Earthquake • NATRUAL DISASTERS • Disease

  16. Carrying Capacity • The highest number of organisms that a certain environment can hold

  17. Carrying Capacity • As the graph begins, it is increasing at an exponential growth rate (acceleration) • At the midpoint between 0 and the carrying capacity, the graph hits its fastest growth rate, or inflection point • The line then begins to show logistic growth (deceleration) or growth that slows as it reaches its maximum (carrying capacity

  18. Practice Problems • A deer population inhabited a local park. The park has enough food, shelter, water, and space to inhabit 40 deer. • The deer population was 12 deer. Each pair of deer (2) can have one offspring per year. How long will it take for the population to reach carrying capacity? • Draw a graph and show your work

  19. Practice Problems Read the graph What is the carrying capacity of the population? When was the first time that was reached? How many times was the population exactly at its carrying capacity? How many times was it above? Below?

  20. Increase Populations • What things cause a population to increase? • More food (energy) • Less predation • More resources (money, jobs) • More shelter • More females • More space • Birth rate = number of births (babies born) • Emigration = people coming into an area

  21. Decrease Populations • What causes a population to decrease? • More predators • Natural disasters • Disease • Lack of food, shelter, space, jobs, water • Lack of females • Death Rate = number of deaths (people dying) • Immigration = leaving an area

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