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Evolution

Evolution . By Perri, Marina and Chloe. Who was Charles Darwin?. Charles Darwin was the father of evolution Wrote a book On the Origins of Species Buried next to Isaac Newton. Who was Charles Lyell?. American geologist He studied landforms and how the Earth changed over time .

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution By Perri, Marina and Chloe

  2. Who was Charles Darwin?

  3. Charles Darwin was the father of evolution • Wrote a book • On the Origins of Species • Buried next to Isaac Newton

  4. Who was Charles Lyell?

  5. American geologist • He studied landforms and how the Earth changed over time

  6. Thomas Malthus

  7. Thomas Malthus was a sociologist, scientist, and a politician. • He studied why some people survived disease and some didn’t. • (Survival of the Fittest)

  8. Who was Alfred Wallace?

  9. He immediately came up with the same exact conclusions as Darwin • Darwin contacts Wallace - they work together and publish articles independently and together

  10. What were were Darwin’s two main points?

  11. Descent with modification • New organism forms due to the accumulation of mutations over millions of years • New species evolved • Natural Selection • Nature selects the stronger and more desirable and those traits are then passed down to their offspring • Beneficial mutation

  12. What is a fossil?

  13. The remains of a formerly existing creature from a long time ago

  14. What is a fossil record?

  15. A timeline of when organisms existed in relationships to other organisms

  16. What are the two ways to determine how something is relative to something else?

  17. Relative dating - this is older/younger than that without a timeframe • Absolute dating - carbon dating pinpoints a more specific time period • Half Life - the amount of time it takes for half an element to break down and disappear • Ex. Carbone has a life of 5,730 years

  18. What does Extinct mean?

  19. When the last living member of a species dies • There are no more of that certain species

  20. What are homologous structures?

  21. Structures that look the same but are different • Ex: Cats front foot and human hand • This suggests a common ancestor

  22. Analogous Structures?

  23. They look different but do the same thing • Ex: Birds, bees, butterflies all have wings but don’t look alike • They do not have a common ancestor

  24. What is a vestigial structure?

  25. Structure in the body that was used at one time in the past but no longer is used during current time Ex. appendix, and tail bone in humans

  26. What is variation?

  27. The natural or expected differences within 1 type of organisms • EX: size and height

  28. Natural vs. Artificial Selection?

  29. The idea that nature chooses what is more desirable vs. selection by organisms to support or not support living • EX: teacup poodles

  30. Antibiotics vs. Pesticides

  31. Antibiotics can cause medications to work in the future because organisms adapt to them (natural variation) • Bacteria has natural variation and it changes depending on their environment • Pesticides work in a similar way • farmers use them on crops • Some insects can withstand the pesticides

  32. What is speciation?

  33. The formation of new species due to the accumulation of mutations

  34. What is geographic isolation?

  35. A huge impediment to evolution and reproduction • Location makes it difficult to breed

  36. What is reproductive isolation?

  37. When two organisms are capable of breeding but due to timing differences in the reproductive cycle, they do not breed with each other • Ex. Skunks and cranes

  38. Genetic Drift

  39. The movement or change in genes from one generation to the next • EX: eye color in Sweden (prone to blue eyes)

  40. Gene Pool

  41. All of the available genes in the population

  42. What is adaptive radiation?

  43. Life can be found in the most extreme environments • Wherever something can live, something will live • Ex. Hawaii/ albatross

  44. Bottleneck/Founder effect

  45. When a disease or natural disaster wipes out a significant amount of the population, it creates a smaller gene pool and some genes are lost forever EX: beads in a bottle, stuck in the bottom

  46. What is the difference between disruptive, directional, and stabilizing selection?

  47. Stabilizing - favors the average • Directional - favors one extreme or the other • Disruptive - favors both extremes at the same time

  48. What is cost-benefit analysis?

  49. The measuring of pros and cons to determine a course of action

  50. What is gradualism?

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