Nineteenth Century American Literature

1. Nineteenth Century American Literature Yi Jou Lo Nknu_2006_09@yahoo.com.tw Room: 729

2. My CV (Conference papers)

4. Paper Published 1.石頭心，原民情：葛蘭希《石頭心》中莎卡佳薇雅的屬性認同 中外文學第36卷‧第3期63-96頁 2007年9月 ISSN 0303-0849 本刊收錄於國際資料庫MLA Directory of Periodicals, 國科會資料庫THCI 2.異托邦:《博物館驚魂夜》與暗夜中的美國女原民 萬能科技大學研討會論文 2007年8月 ISBN 978-986-83638-1-6

5. Types of Stories 1. Bildungsroman (Also known as Coming of Age Novel) A German word meaning "novel of development." The bildungsroman is a study of the maturation of a youthful character, typically brought about through a series of social or sexual encounters that lead to self-awareness. It is also used as a novel of initiation and education.

6. 2. Picaresque Episodic fiction depicting the adventures of a roguish central character ("picaro" is Spanish for "rogue"). The picaresque hero is commonly a low-born but clever individual who wanders into and out of various affairs of love, danger, and farcical typically present a humorous and wide-ranging satire of a given society.

7. A novel in the form of letters. The form was particularly popular in the eighteenth century. 3. Epistolary Story 4th FebruaryDear Daddy-Long-Legs,Jimmie McBride has sent me a Princeton banner as big as one end of the room.; Examinations next week, but who's afraid?Yours ever,Judy

8. 4. The regional novel: A novel faithful to a particular geographic region and its people, including behavior, customs, speech, and history. Examples:

9. Roman noir (Gothic novel) Gothic novel. A novel in which supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of unknown terror pervades the action. Gothic elements include these: • especially mysterious, obscure prophecy and milieu • Supernatural events • Omens, portents, dream visions • Fainting, frightened, screaming women • Women threatened by powerful, impetuous male • Setting in a castle, especially with secret passages

10. Utopian/ Dystopian novel • A novel that presents an ideal society where the problems of poverty, greed, crime, and so forth have been eliminated. Examples: • Thomas More, Utopia

11. Multicultural novel. • A novel written by a member of or about a cultural minority group, giving insight into non-Western or non-dominant cultural experiences and values, either in the United States or abroad.

12. Nineteenth Century American Literature • Divided into Four Main Trends American Romanticism: early 19 th c Transcendentalism: early 19 th C Realism/Local Color: late 19 th C Naturalism: late 19 th – early 20 th C

13. American Romanticism: early 19 th c, 1828-1865. they represent, respond to, and shape intellectual and political transformations in American society during the period, including developments in ideologies of nationalism and "manifest destiny," intensifying sectional conflicts over slavery and industrialization, and the mobilization of abolition, women's rights, labor, and reform movements. Hawthorne Poe Melville

14. Transcendentalism: early 19 th C The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or sensical, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche (known in Sanskrit as Atman) with the world psyche also known as the Oversoul, life-force, prime mover and God Emerson Thoreau Whitman Dickinson

15. Realism/Local Color: late 19 th C, 1865-1910 • The industrial revolution that took place at the end of the 19th century changed the country. In the end, the sweeping economic, social, and political changes that took place in post-war life allowed American Realism to prevail. Mark Twain Henry James Kate Chopin Gildman

16. The writing was also very regional. Writers set their stories in specific American regions, rushing to capture the "local color" before it was lost. They drew upon the sometimes grim realities of everyday life, showing the breakdown of traditional values and the growing plight of the new urban poor. American realists built their plots and characters around people's ordinary, everyday lives. Additionally, their works contained regional dialects and extensive dialogue which connected well with the public.

17. Naturalism: late 19 th – early 20 th C was a literary movement of the late nineteenth century that yielded influence on the twentieth.  It was an extension of realism, a reaction against the restrictions in the realistic emphasis on the ordinary, as naturalists insisted that the extraordinary is real, too. The naturalists wrote about the fringes of society, the criminal, the fallen, the down-and-out, earning as one definition of their work the phrase sordid realism. Naturalism came largely from scientific Determinism. 

18. Characterization 1 by name: Gulliver, Havingsham, 2 physical appearance while he spoke not, I gazed upon him with a feeling half of pity, half of awe. … A cadaverousness死屍樣 of complexion ; an eye large, liquid, and luminous beyond comparison ; lips somewhat thin and very pallid, but of a surpassingly beautiful curve; a nose of a delicate Hebrew model, but with a breadth of nostril unusual in similar formations ; a finely moulded chin, speaking, in its want of prominence, of a want of moral energy; hair of a more than web-like softness and tenuity ; these features, with an inordinate expansion above the regions of the temple, made up altogether a countenance not easily to be forgotten. … The now ghastly pallor蒼白,of the skin, and the now miraculous lustre of the eye, above all things startled and even awed me.

19. 3. speech, how they talk, think and what they speak about 4. how the other talk, think of a character The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat. At length I would be avenged; this was a point definitely settled--but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved precluded the idea of risk. I must not only punish, but punish with impunity免除.

20. Character and surroundings • The room in which I found myself was very large and lofty. The windows were long, narrow, and pointed, and at so vast a distance from the black oaken floor as to be altogether inaccessible from within. Feeble gleams of encrimsoned light made their way through the trellissed panes, and served to render sufficiently distinct the more prominent objects around ; the eye, however, struggled in vain to reach the remoter angles of the chamber, or the recesses of the vaulted and fretted ceiling. Dark draperies hung upon the walls. The general furniture was profuse, comfortless, antique, and tattered. Many books and musical instruments lay scattered about, but failed to give any vitality to the scene. I felt that I breathed an atmosphere of sorrow. An air of stern, deep, and irredeemable gloom hung over and pervaded all.

21. More Practice • 1. The widow she cried over me, and called me a poor lost lamb, and she called me a lot of other names, too, but she never meant no harm by it. She put me in them new clothes again, and I couldn't do nothing but sweat and sweat, and feel all cramped up…After supper she got out her book and learned me about Moses and the Bulrushers; and I was in a sweat to find out all about him; but by-and-by she let it out that Moses had been dead a considerable long time; so then I didn't care no more about him; because I don't take no stock in dead people. ~~from ______________________

22. Further analysis skills: Point of View