Chapter 5

1. Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies

2. European Rivals • What country was England’s biggest threat in trade? • France was Great Britain’s biggest rival in trade and colonization. • What did some Native American tribes think was the only way to survive the conflicts between Britain and France? • Tribes thought the only way to survive the conflicts was to take sides.

3. European Rivals • Who allied with the French? • The Algonquin and the Hurons • Who allied with the English? • Iroquois

4. Chapter 5 Events TermsDue on Thursday, September 27 • French and Indian War • Albany Plan of Union • Treaty of Paris, 1763* • Pontiac’s War • Proclamation of 1763 • Stamp Act • Townshend Acts • Boston Massacre • Tea Act • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Quebec Act • First Continental Congress • Battles of Lexington and Concord

5. French and Indian War • Cause: The Governor of Virginia sent Washington to build a fort in the Ohio River Valley. • Effect: Washington attacked the French but later surrendered.

6. French and Indian War • Cause: Delegates from seven colonies met in Albany, NY to work toward unity. • Effect: No colonial assembly approved the Albany Plan of Union.

7. French and Indian War • Cause: General Braddock ignored Indian scouts’ warnings near Fort Duquesne. • Effect: The French launched a surprise attack; Braddock and many other English were killed.

8. French and Indian War • Cause: William Pitt became the Prime Minister in Great Britain. • Effect: Pitt sent his best generals to North America.

9. French and Indian War • Cause: Britain surprised the French and won the Battle of Quebec. • Effect: The fighting between England and France ended in North America.

10. Key People and Places • George Washington-son of wealthy parents; gifted at mathematics; worked as a surveyor; led 150 men into the Ohio Country to build a British fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers met; launched a surprise attack on French forces near Fort Duquesne that started the French and Indian War • Fort Duquesne (pages 143 and 144)-French fort at the beginning of the French and Indian War; site of first battles; renamed Fort Pitt after the British captured it

11. Key People and Places • Fort Necessity-make-shift stockade Washington and his troops built to protect themselves from French attack • Benjamin Franklin-delegate from Pennsylvania who proposed the Albany Plan of Union • Albany Plan of Union-proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies

12. Key People and Places • General Edward Braddock-British general who died in a battle near Fort Duquesne after refusing to follow Native American warnings • William Pitt-became head of British government in 1757 and sent his best generals to North America in an effort to win the French and Indian War • Treaty of Paris, 1763-a 1763 agreement between Britain and France that ended the French and Indian War; it marked the end of French power in North America

13. Taxation without Representation • What was the cause of Pontiac’s War? • The British raised prices of goods and settlers built farms and forts on Indian lands.

14. Taxation without Representation • What did the Proclamation of 1763 state? • Colonists could not move beyond the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.

15. Taxation without Representation • How did colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763? • The proclamation made colonists angry, so many ignored the law and moved west anyway.

16. Taxation without Representation • Why did Parliament pass the Sugar Act in 1764? • England was deep in debt after the French and Indian War.

17. Taxation without Representation • What reason did the colonists have for protesting the Stamp Act? • Colonists insisted that taxation without representation went against English traditions.

18. Taxation without Representation • What did the Townshend Acts create besides new taxes? • Officers were allowed to inspect cargo without giving a reason.

19. Taxation without Representation • What activities did the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty organize? • Protests, mock hangings, petitions, boycotts

20. Taxation without Representation • Identify the following: • Samuel Adams • Mercy Otis WarrenPatrick Henry • Samuel Adams-skilled at organizing people, protests, and stirring public support; one of the leaders of the Sons of Liberty • Mercy Otis Warren-wrote plays that made fun of British officials • Patrick Henry-often gave passionate speeches in the Virginia House of Burgesses-“Give me liberty or give me death”

21. Boston Massacre • What led to the event? Taxes and quartering of soldiers • Who were involved in the Boston Massacre? British soldiers and Boston colonists • When did the event occur? March 5, 1770 • How many people died in the Boston Massacre? Only five people died. • How did the colonists react? Protests, committee of correspondence, propaganda

22. Boston Massacre • What happened to the soldiers? They were arrested and tried. Only two were punished by having an M branded on their thumbs. • What happened in England on the same day? A bill was introduced to repeal most of the Townshend Acts.

23. Boston Massacre • Crispus Attucks-free black sailor killed in the Boston Massacre • Paul Revere-a Boston silversmith who fanned anti-British thoughts with his engraving of the Boston Massacre; *he also made a midnight ride on April 18, 1775 to warn the colonists that British soldiers were on their way to Concord, MA • John Adams-Massachusetts lawyer who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre

24. Taxation without Representation • In what way did the Boston Massacre differ from earlier protests? • British soldiers fired on unarmed colonists; five colonists died.

25. Boston Tea PartyAfter the Quiz! • Use pages 155-158 to answer • Who led the party? • What did they do? • Where did this happen? • When? • Why did the Sons of Liberty do this? • How did Great Britain respond? • How did the colonies respond?

26. Tea Act • The Tea Act was passed by Parliament in 1773. • It lowered the price of tea by allowing the British East India Company to bypass merchants. • The colonists refused to buy the tea because it included a tax. • Boycotts resumed.

27. Boston Tea Party • Use pages 155-158 to answer • Who led the party? • Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty • What did they do? • Dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor • Where did this happen? • Boston Harbor, MA

28. Boston Tea Party • When? • December 16, 1773 • Why did the Sons of Liberty do this? • They believed the Tea Act was a “trick” to make the colonists pay a tax to England.

29. Boston Tea Party • How did Great Britain respond? • With the Intolerable Acts: • Closed the port of Boston • Allowed only one town meeting per year • Customs officials could be tried in Britain or Canada • New Quartering Act

30. Boston Tea Party • How did the colonies respond? • Delegates from 12 colonies met in the First Continental Congress. • They backed Massachusetts. • The delegates called on each colony to form a militia. • They agreed to meet in May 1775.

31. “Shot heard ‘round the World” • Put these in chronological order. • 1 Minutemen were collecting guns and gunpowder • 2 April 18, 1775, 700 British troops left Boston for Concord • 3 Paul Revere made a midnight ride to warn of the coming British • 4 April 19, 1775, minutemen and British soldiers exchanged fire at Lexington • 5 Minutemen and British fought on a bridge outside of Concord • 6 British lost 73 men and 200 were missing or wounded

32. Chapter 5 TEST • You may have a few minutes to look over your notes for your test today.