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USE this PP with the Handout Revise the timeline Handout to match this better

Pull / watch your KKK tape – re: using federal civil rights legislation to bring so. violaters to justice; note add to PP that CORE had sponsored the Freedom Riders (organizations – NAACP; SCLC; SNCC; CORE). USE this PP with the Handout Revise the timeline Handout to match this better

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USE this PP with the Handout Revise the timeline Handout to match this better

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  1. Pull / watch your KKK tape – re: using federal civil rights legislation to bring so. violaters to justice; note add to PP that CORE had sponsored the Freedom Riders (organizations – NAACP; SCLC; SNCC; CORE)

  2. USE this PP with the Handout • Revise the timeline Handout to match this better • They can read along in the handout & maybe add a few things from here • This will be linked for them to view for study purposes

  3. We Shall Overcome on entry

  4. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

  5. Taking on Segregation

  6. PLESSY VS. FERGUSON 1896

  7. PLESSY VS. FERGUSON • SEPARATE BUT EQUAL • = • SEGREGATION • = • JIM CROW

  8. RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS • 13TH – abolished slavery (1865) • 14th – defined citizenship & guaranteed equality to all citizens (1868) • 15th – gave black males the right to vote (1870) • Barriers to voting • Poll taxes • Literacy tests • Grandfather clauses

  9. Causes of the Civil Rights Movement

  10. The 1950s Economy On the Margins of the Affluent Society • The development of inner-city ghettos was made worse by • the migration of many poor people to the cities • the decrease in the number of unskilled jobs in American industry • the destruction of low-income housing in many urban renewal programs

  11. 1950S : CAUSESof the Civil Rights Movement • millions of blacks served in World War II • new militancy and restlessness after 1945 was generated by the war • a large and strong black middle class had developed by that time • television had allowed many blacks to see what racism was depriving them of

  12. 1950S : METHODSof the Civil Rights Movement • used to overturn Jim Crow laws and segregation • economic boycotts • legal attacks on segregation in the courts • mobilization of black churches on behalf of black rights • Non-violent tactics of Mohandas Gandhi

  13. 1950s: ADVANCESof the Civil Rights Movement • came from the judicial branch & the Supreme Court • Congress had abdicated its responsibilities by refusing to deal with the issue

  14. Eisenhower & CIVIL RIGHTS

  15. 1954

  16. THURGOOD MARSHALL NAACP LAWYER FIRST BLACK SUPREME COURT JUSTICE On handout

  17. Thurgood Marshall • Attorney for the NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Argued many important civil rights cases , including Brown v. Board in 1954 --------------------------------- • 1967 = becomes FIRST black Supreme Court Justice • appointed to Supreme Court by President Johnson • participated in many decisions that extended civil rights On handout

  18. Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education 1954 On handout

  19. 1954: Brown v. Topeka Board of Ed. • Supreme Court • Opinion written by Chief Justice Earl Warren • Based on • 14th Amendment requires states to treat all citizens alike, regardless of race • Segregation = psychological damage to kids • Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson • declared concept “separate but equal” unconstitutional • Ruled • separate education facilities = “inherently unequal” • segregated schools = unconstitutional On handout

  20. 1955: Brown II • Most southern school districts resist desegregation • The Supreme Court ordered desegregation “with all deliberate speed” (still no real timetable)

  21. 1954 : Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education • SEPARATE IS INHERENTLY UNEQUAL • = • DESEGREGATION • = • SOUTHERN REISISTANCE • = • CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT On handout

  22. 1956: Southern Manifesto • National level resistance • written by southern members of Congress attacking the Brown decision • Vow to use all means necessary to reverse the decision • Two southern congressmen who did not sign this : • Al Gore Sr. (TN) • LBJ (TX) • READ - American Spirit – 442-443 “One Hundred Representatives Dissent” (1956)

  23. George Wallace • State level resistance • Governor Wallace • LEADS resistance to desegregation in Alabama • Later… • 1968 third party presidential candidate who promoted: • - fewer social welfare programs • - a halt to the forced bussing of students • 1972 ( runs for President again) • - Assassination attempt leaves him paralyzed • Late 70s apologizes for his racist views & actions

  24. Ruby Bridges • New Orleans • 6 year old Ruby Bridges became the first black child to enter William Frantz Elementary since Reconstruction • Sept 1960 • Almost alone w/teachers throughout the year because of boycott • What are the rules today re: private schools – allowed to exclude/segregate?Did Brown decision apply to private schools ?

  25. Ruby Bridges "The Problem We All Live With“by Norman Rockwell (1894-1978)

  26. 1955

  27. EMMITT TILLMURDERED 1955 On handout

  28. VICTIM: EMMETT TILL, 14, MONEY, MISS. Where: He is kidnapped and killed in 1955 after he purportedly wolf-whistled at a white woman.Outcome then: Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam acquitted in 1955 trial. They confess to LOOK magazine months later. They have since died.Status now: Case reopened by the Justice Department in 2004, examining who else might be involved in killing. District Attorney Joyce Chiles of Greenville says the case may be presented to a grand jury. On handout

  29. Outcome then: Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam acquitted in 1955 trial. They confess to LOOK magazine months later. They have since died.

  30. ROSA PARKS 1955 On handout

  31. Rosa Parks • Black civil rights activist from Montgomery ,Alabama • Local laws in South require blacks sit in the back of the bus • 1955- Parks arrested for refusal to give up bus seat to a white man • Her action • Led to Montgomery bus boycott • Helped start Civil Rights Movement On handout

  32. MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT 1955 On handout

  33. 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott • Trigger : the arrest of Rosa Parks • African American boycott of busses • For over a year , blacks walked , carpooled , etc. • led by local pastor = Martin Luther King, Jr. • Results : • bus line desegregated • Supreme Court (1956) declared segregation on public transportation illegal • MLK becomes major civil rights leader • Inspired belief in legitimacy of non-violent protest & aim for rapid , radical change for blacks On handout

  34. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. On handout

  35. Martin Luther King , Jr. • Baptist minister from Georgia • charismatic • Entered college at 15; PhD in theology; great speaker • intelligent • Influenced by Gandhi’s ideas on nonviolent protest • Civil Disobedience • Wanted equal rights & integration by • Using peaceful resistance , non-violent protest • Appealing to Christian brotherhood & American idealism On handout

  36. 1957

  37. SCLCSouthern Christian Leadership Conference 1957

  38. SCLC • = Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Organization of black churches & ministers • Backbone of civil rights movement in 50s & 60s • Led by Martin Luther King, Jr. • Founded in 1957 after Montgomery bus boycott • Organized & led highly publicized protest campaigns in 60s

  39. CRISIS IN LITTLE ROCK THE LITTLE ROCK NINE 1957 On handout

  40. 1957: Little Rock • Resistance to integration of Little Rock High School (Arkansas) • Governor Orval Faubus • “massive resistance” • Slogan associated with Faubus and southern opposition to the Brown decision • State & local resistance to integration • Forced Eisenhower to send in federal troops • Little Rock Nine • African American Students escorted to school with federal troops On handout

  41. 1957: Little Rock

  42. 1957: Little Rock Nine Ernest Green, Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, Terrence Roberts, Carlotta Walls LaNier, Minnijean Brow,,Gloria Ray Karlmark, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Beals

  43. Little Rock Nine 1.Thelma Mothershed 2.Elizabeth Eckford 3.Melba Pattillo 4.Jefferson Thomas 5.Ernest Green – first black to graduate from Central High = The Earnest Green Story 6.Minniejean Brown (expelled when after 3 mos responded to a taunt by tipping her lunch on the aggressor and was promptly expelled from the school) 7.Carlotta Walls 8.Terrence Roberts 9.Gloria Ray On handout

  44. PLAY BLACK BIRD SONG

  45. Support for Civil Rights • Eisenhower • had criticized President Truman’s call for establishing a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission • attitude toward racial justice = notinclinedtoward promoting integration

  46. 1960

  47. SIT-INS 1960

  48. The “sit-in” movement • 1960 – North Carolina • First “sit-in” • launched by young southern blacks • Form of nonviolent resistance • Blacks occupy “white only” lunch counters • resulted in the integration of some public eating facilities On handout

  49. SNCCStudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 1960

  50. SNCC • SNCC (pronounced snick) • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • outgrowth of the “sit-in” movement • formed in 1960s by college students • Stokely Carmicheal • SNCC leader • Engaged in • Civil Disobedience • Sit-ins & Freedom rides • Voter registration drives On handout

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