Final Exam Review

1. Final Exam Review Chapters 11, 12, and 13 American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

2. What caused WWI? • Nationalism • Imperialism • Militarism • Alliance System American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

3. What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points? • Points 1-5 aimed at preventing another war • Points 6-13 addressed political boundary changes • Point 14 called for the creation of an international peace organization American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

4. Why did the Allies reject Wilson’s peace plan? • The Allied leaders were angry with Germany and were determined to punish them severely. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

5. Why did Americans disagree about the League of Nations? • The League threatened the US foreign policy of isolationism. • Also, threatened the constitutional right of Congress to declare war. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

6. What effect did the WWI have on women’s lives? • Women moved into jobs that had been exclusively held by men. • Their efforts helped boost support for woman suffrage (right to vote) and passage of the 19th Amendment. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

7. Term meaning prejudice against foreign-born people? • Nativism American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

8. Term meaning a policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs? • Isolationism American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

9. How did the Teapot Dome scandal during the Harding administration hurt the country economically? • Public oil reserves for the US Navy were leased for the profit of private oil companies. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

10. What was the impact of the automobile? • Paved roads constructed • Shopping centers and other businesses catering to the car • People commuted to work • Urban sprawl • Regional differences diminished American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

11. How did the use of electricity affect Americans’ lifestyle? • Transformed the nation • Factories ran their machines • Farms were electrified • Successful Americans bought modern conveniences, i.e., refrigerators, stoves, toasters American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

12. How did the installment plan (easy consumer credit) fuel superficial prosperity? • The economy will fail when consumers can not afford to pay back their credit debt. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

13. Why do you think the 18th Amendment failed to eliminate alcohol consumption? • Traditional part of many cultures • Government failed to provide sufficient staff and resources to enforce the law • Manufacturing, selling, and transporting liquor could be easily concealed American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

14. How did criminals take advantage of prohibition? • Broke the law by smuggling, as well as by making alcohol and selling it for profit. • Speakeasies – hidden saloons and nightclubs American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

15. Summarize the beliefs of fundamentalism. • Believed that all important knowledge can be found in the Bible. • What is in the Bible is true. • Reject Darwin’s theory of evolution. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

16. What was the conflict between fundamentalists and those who accepted evolution? • Fundamentalists believed God created the world in 6 days; • Evolutionists argued that modern species developed over millions of years from earlier life forms. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

17. How was the flapper like and unlike women of today? • Like • Used clothing, hairstyles, and behavior to claim a new freedom. • Unlike • Today’s women have greater freedom. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

18. Why do some writers reject American culture and values? • They found American culture shallow and materialistic; • America lacked unifying ideals American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

19. What ideals did the Harlem Renaissance promote? • A message of self-pride; • Celebration of their heritage; • Trials of being black in a white world. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

20. This music genre was born during the early 1900s in New Orleans, where black musicians blended instrumental ragtime with vocal blues into this new exuberant sound called • Jazz American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

21. Final Exam Review Chapters 14 & 15 American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

22. How did popular perceptions of prosperity influence the election of 1928? • Americans were happy with Republican leadership of the country. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

23. How did speculation and margin buying cause stock prices to rise? • Caused over investment as people ignored the risks and bought more than they could pay for. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

24. What did the experience of farmers and consumers during the 1920s suggest about the health of the economy? • Beneath the surface prosperity, the economy was in trouble. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

25. What are the causes of the Great Depression? • Tariffs (taxes on imports) cut down on the foreign market for American goods; • A crisis in the farm sector; • The availability of easy credit; • An unequal distribution of wealth. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

26. Identify causes of the Dust Bowl? • Overproduction of crops; • Destruction of grasslands; • Drought; • High winds. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

27. Why did so many men leave their homes during the Depression? • Men were disheartened by their inability to support their families and abandoned them. • Others hoped to find work and send money home to their families. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

28. How did the Great Depression affect women and children? • Women • Managed tight household budgets; • Encountered opposition in holding jobs outside the home. • Children • Suffered from poor diets and inadequate health care; • Welfare programs and schools were closed down. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

29. What did the Bonus Army want? • As veterans of WWI they had been promised a cash bonus American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

30. How did Roosevelt plan to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression after winning the 1932 election? • The New Deal • The New Deal focused on three general goals: • Relief for the needy • Economic recovery • Financial reform American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

31. What did Roosevelt do during the Hundred Days? • Passed 15 major pieces of legislation expanding the role of the national government in the economy. • Called for a bank holiday and allowed only healthy banks to reopen. • Revived public confidence in banks American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

32. Which New Deal programs were created to provide relief for farmers and workers? • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) • Reduce supply to increase prices • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Built dams for flood control & hydroelectric power • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Built roads, planted trees & developed parks • Civil Works Administration (CWA) • Built schools, hired teachers, built roads American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

33. How did liberal and conservative critics differ in their opposition to the New Deal? • Liberals • Did not do enough to help the poor; • Did not go far enough in reforming the nation’s economy. • Conservatives • Spent too much money on direct relief; • Trying to control business and socialize the economy. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

34. Why did Roosevelt launch theSecond New Deal? • Based on the popularity of the first Hundred Days and the urging of the his social reformer wife, Eleanor. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

35. Why was the Wagner Act significant? • It gave the federal government the power to protect and aid workers. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

36. The New Deal Coalition was a diverse group dedicated to supporting FDR and the Democratic Party from the 1930s through the late 1960s. The coalition included: • Southern whites • Mexican Americans • Native Americans • African Americans • Unionized industrial workers American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

37. Identify the lasting legacy of the New Deal • Banking and finance are reformed. • Government takes a more active role in the economy. • Workers benefit from labor standards. • Social Security system continues to provide for the needy. • Conservation efforts continue to preserve the environment. American Cultures Review, Mr. Homan

38. Final Exam Review Chapters 16 & 17 Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

39. Why did new democracies set up after WWI fail? • A lack of democratic tradition; • the Treaty of Versailles caused anger and resentment; • Economic devastation of Europe. Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

40. What are the characteristics of a totalitarian state? • Complete control over citizens; • Ruthless suppression of opposition. Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini Nazi Germany – Adolf Hitler Communist Soviet Union – Josef Stalin Fascist Spain – Francisco Franco Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

41. What law did America’s Congress pass to maintain its foreign policy of isolationism? • Neutrality Acts • Outlawed arm sales or loans to warring nations; • Banned arm sales to nations engaged in civil war. Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

42. What actions did Japanese militarists take in the 1930s that alarmed Americans? • The surprise attack of Chinese province of Manchuria rich in natural resources and “living space.” Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

43. What was the name of the treaty that ended World War I? • Treaty of Versailles Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

44. Why did the German people hate the treaty? • War-Guilt Clause (humiliation) • Great economic depression • Massive war reparations • High unemployment • Loss of territory & colonial possessions • Reduction of military forces Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

45. What country did Britain and France allow Hitler to take because of the policy of appeasement? • Czechoslovakia • What country did Hitler attack that finally forced Britain and France to declare war? • Poland Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

46. What was appeasement, and why did Churchill oppose it so strongly? • An attempt to do whatever was necessary to pacify Hitler; • Churchill saw this as an abandonment of moral principles that would lead to war and a national disaster. Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

47. What was the Battle of Britain? • Aerial defense of Great Britain from pending German invasion; • Britain now stood alone against the German onslaught. Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

48. Describe the non-aggression pact. • Commitment by fascist Germany and communist Soviet Union never to attack one another; • Divided Poland between the two dictators; • Allowed Hitler to concentrate on a one-front war. Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

49. How did Roosevelt help the Allies? • America becomes the “Great Arsenal of Democracy” by lending or leasing arms and other supplies “to any country whose defense was vital to the United States.” Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts

50. How did Germany prevent American goods from reaching Great Britain? • U-boats attacking in wolf packs What does the US do to deal with this threat? • Convoy System including: • Use of sonar and radar • Airborne patrols • Armed destroyers Homan, American Cultures, Key Concepts