UNICEF Social Protection Work an overview Show and Tell on Social Protection Bonn, 2011

1. Presentation Outline Child Protection Systems: Mapping and Assessment UNICEF Social Protection Work an overviewShow and Tell on Social Protection Bonn, 2011 • UNICEF and social protection • Rationale: • Equity approach • Social protection and children • Child-Sensitive Social Protection • Guiding Principles • On-going work • Agenda for action • Work with Partners: Social Protection Floor Kendra Gregson Senior Advisor, Social Welfare and Justice Systems

2. Outline of presentation 1. From issues to systems – a convergence of academics and practitioners, of countries from all income levels 2. What is a system – definitions and components 3. System typologies 4. Mapping and assessment 5. Results – systems change

3. Child Protection (CRC Article 19) “…to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child…” Prevention and Response

4. DATA (estimates) • 51 million children not registered at birth • 1.2 million childrentrafficked worldwide yearly • 158 millionchild labourers (5-14 years) in developing countries • 250,000 children associated with armed forces and groups in 20 countries • + 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS • 1 million children are in detention, many before trial • 500 million to 1.5 billion children experience violence annually in the form of physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse in the home, school, community and institutional settings

5. Vertical Programming > Systems Approach VERTICAL PROGRAMMING • Working on a specific area or issue – narrow target group and results sought • Focus on the isolated chain from problem to solution • Technocratic SYSTEMS APPROACH • Whole child – variety of responses • Nesting and reverberation • Social-technical

6. Why the shift from issues to systems Fragmentation – children face multiple issues, institutions exposed to children with multiple risks Resources – multiple administrations Economic crisis, situations of fragility – lack of capacity to respond Prevention – to reduce the likelihood of the risk Public perception – demand to do more (for specific concerns) Complexities – multiple actors, multiple answers Learnings from other sectors– health, education

7. Child Protection Systems Child protection systems comprise the set of laws, policies, regulations and services needed across all social sectors — especially social welfare, education, health, security and justice — to support prevention and response to protection related risks. (UNICEF 2008)

8. Adapting a Systems Approach (UNICEF, UNHCR, Save the Children)

9. World Vision

10. UN High Commissioner for Refugees

11. Save the Children

13. Additional features of Child Protection Systems Nesting – systems within systems Reverberation – interactions within and between systems Actors – children, families; public, private In/formal – statutory, customary

14. Typologies – Social Norms and Determinants Child Protection – abuse a result of poor/bad parenting and child requires protection (US, UK, Australia…) (Gilbert 2007) Family Service – abuse a problem of family dysfunction that arose from social difficulties, and that respond to family support (Nordic, Continental) (Gilbert 2007) Child Focus – child as an individual with an independent relationship to the state; concern is child’s overall development and wellbeing (Gilbert et al 2011) Community Care– issues arise due to the disconnect between the customary & dominant culture within the child protection system (New Zealand/Maori) (Freymond et al 2006)

15. Mapping and Assessment • Clear picture of the structure and function of the CP system and the actors engaged • Effectiveness and efficiency • Understand the linkages and relationships • Recognise the interactions between core & allied sectors Goal is to identify actions to strengthen the child protection system

16. Mapping and Assessment Tools WCAR Interagency – influenced by community caring model; relationship between statutory and customary practices (Child Frontiers) UNHCR–relationship of the refugee population with the CP system of the country they are located UNICEF Global– low & middle income adaptable, synthesize what is known to identify & prioritize actions to strengthen CP system (Maestral Int’al)

17. UNICEF Global Toolkit General Country Information System Overview Terminology Policy Context Specific Ministries (Secondary) Structures, Functions & Capacities Basic Information & Risk Profile Data for Decisionmaking Specific Ministries (Core) Ministry Strategy &Priorities Summary Charts & Tables Global Context Community Structures, Functions, Capacities Children &Justice Justice Process Civil Society Summary & Strategy Development Continuum of Care Summary of Priorities Sector Costing Tool Resource Mobilis./Fiscal Accountab. Moving Forward Annexes Bibliography Capacity Costing

18. Supplementary Tools • To examine specifically the social service workforce (East and Southern Africa) • To ensure inclusion of children and families in the mapping and identification of priorities (e.g. Kenya, Pakistan, Zambia) • Specific tools have been developed such as in Kosovo to look specifically at minority groups, in Cambodia to look at the community resources and capacities • Overlying focus – Bhutan and disability

19. Process • Stakeholders – who, where, what • Plan – who does what, what are the boundaries • Customise – uniqueness of the context • Synthesise – what we know, what we do not know, what we need to know • Verify – review and consolidate • Programme – the real purpose

20. Priorities • Laws, Policies, Standards and Regulations • Cooperation, coordination and collaboration • Capacity building • Service and service delivery mechanism • Communication, education, and mobilisation for change • Financial resources • Accountability mechanisms

22. Systems Change – Kenya Medium Term Expenditure Framework Strengthening the Legal and Policy Framework for Child Protection, amendments to the Children’s Act, harmonizing legislation Improving the Organization, Management and Administration of Child Protection - clarify the roles, responsibilities, and partnership Enhancing the Quality and Access of Child Protection Services and Benefits: improve access to and quality of services and benefits, including staff recruitment, retention and training Strengthening the Capacity of the Justice System to Respond to Children’s Needs: improve access to and quality of services, for all children who have any relationship with the justice system, including the development of a child friendly court and police system

23. Mapping and Assessment Angola Azerbaijan Bhutan Botswana Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Cote d’Ivoire DRC Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Guatemala Kazakhstan Kenya Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Malawi Mozambique Namibia Niger Pakistan Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Tanzania Tunisia Uganda Uzbekistan Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

24. Findings from Mapping Process Systems Exist- Common components, Systems are a product of their environment – relationship of in/formal; who are the actors and how they engage; what drives the CP system Use – clear identification of policy and political entry points key to implement results; how will the evidence be used CP on the agenda – collaborative process, key stakeholders Process – for a paradigm shift, for new partnerships Stakeholders – all need to be involved including children and families

25. Thank you http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58022.html#core