Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

1. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation Veterinary Medical Applications I

2. Vocabulary Using the wordle, on the next slide, complete the crossword puzzle. Then, write each term and its definition on your own notebook paper. This list will serve as a resource when studying for the upcoming exam. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

3. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

4. OSHA

5. Introduction • Veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and other members of the staff work with animals that may be dangerous, but also many other hazards are possible • Being educated on many of the risks involved in this field can help prevent injury to the employee, patient, and client Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

6. Occupational Safety & Health Administration • Created by Congress in 1970 from the Occupational Safety & Health Act • In order to “assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women” • Government agency housed in the U.S. Department of Labor, regulates & monitors employee safety in the workplace Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

7. HCS • To protect employees, OSHA created a set of guidelines: Hazard Communication (HCS) • Compliance is mandatory in every business, in every state, Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

8. HCS is based upon the principle that employees have the “Right to Know” when they are in a situation that could be a health hazard • HCS places responsibility on the companies that manufacture hazardous materials and on the employer Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

9. Chemicals • Manufacturers are required to label chemicals if they are flammable, corrosive, or poisonous • A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) must be provided for every chemical Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

10. Employee Training • Employers must devise a written training program • Must educate on hazards of specific chemicals, use of protective clothing, and how to use the MSDS. • All businesses are required to comply with OSHA safety standards and laws and are subject to large fines if they fail to comply. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

11. MSDS Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

12. MSDS must contain the following 8 sections: • Manufacturer Information • Hazard Ingredients / Identity Information • Physical / Chemical Characteristics • Fire & Explosion Hazard Data • Reactivity Data • Health Hazard Data • Precautions for Safe Handling & Use • Control Measures Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

13. 4 Hazards Associated with Veterinary Clinics Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

14. Physical Hazards • Physical injuries from animals are the most common type of injury in the vet hospital • Frightened or nervous animals may bite, kick, or scratch when being handled • Farm animal’s size poses an even more dangerous threat • Cats present a specific hazard • Needle-like teeth and sharp claws harbor bacteria that can cause serious illness in humans • Back injuries, falls on wet floors, exposure to x-rays Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

15. Methods of Preventing Physical Hazards • Proper clothing and footwear should always be worn when working with animals • Learning animal behavior and correct handling/restraint techniques can help prevent injury Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

16. Chemical Hazards • Drugs, cleaning agents, insecticides, anesthetic gases • Can cause: • damage to skin, eyes, and lungs if inhaled. • abortion and or fetal abnormalities. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

17. Methods of Preventing Chemical Hazards • Proper use & safety measures is the best way to protect • Never use chemicals beyond their intended use • Never mix chemicals Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

18. Biological Hazards • Living tissue & organisms, blood, urine, live vaccines • Any medical waste that has come in contact with: • blood or urine soaked blankets • bandage materials & sharps • Spreads disease from one animal to another or from animals to humans (zoonotic) Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

19. Methods of Preventing Biological Hazards • The federal Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 regulates the disposal of medical wastes and biohazards • The EPAdetermines what regulations must be followed when disposing biohazards • All sharps must be disposed of in red, sealed containers • All sharps containers labeled with biohazard symbol • Medical wastes must be sterilized, incinerated, or chemically disinfected before disposal. • Gloves & protective clothing must be worn. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

20. Zoonotic Hazards • Any disease that can be passed from animals to humans. • 4 Examples • Viral Diseases (Rabies) • Bacterial (Cat Scratch Fever, Brucellosis, Anthrax, Tuberculosis) • Parasitic (Sarcoptic mange) • Fungal (Ringworm) Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

21. Methods of Preventing Zoonotic Hazards • Vaccination of animals and humans • Proper waste disposal • Isolating & proper handling of infected animals • Proper sanitation of hospital • Hand washing • Wearing protective clothing Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

22. Safety Signs & Equipment Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

23. OSHA Requirement • Businesses must use specific safety signs and equipment to alert employees and clients of possible hazards and dangers Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

24. Danger Sign Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

25. Radioactive Sign Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

26. Biohazard Sign Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

27. Wet Floor Sign Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

28. Equipment: Lead Gloves Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

29. Equipment: Lead Apron Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

30. Equipment: Back brace Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

31. Equipment: Dosimeter Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

32. Drug Schedules Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

33. Drug Schedules • The US Controlled Substances Act (Title 21 United States Code, Subchapter I, Part B Section 812), regulates the availability of drugs in the US, whether they can be prescribed, and to what extent. Drugs are classified into one of five schedules. The most restrictive schedule is Schedule I. • Began October 27, 1970, and updated and republished on an annual basis thereafter. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

34. Schedule I • The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse • The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States • There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

35. Examples of Schedule I Drugs • Hallucinogenic drugs, ecstasy and cannabis, which have virtually no therapeutic use • Production, possession and supply of these drugs is limited in the public interest and veterinary surgeons have no authority to possess these drugs Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

36. Schedule II • The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions • Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

37. Examples of Schedule II Drugs • Morphine, pethidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, methadone, the amphetamines and secobarbital. • Drugs are subject to safe custody requirements and should be stored in a suitable locked cabinet secured to the fabric of the building at all times. • Receipt and supply must be recorded in a Controlled Drugs Register. • Must not be destroyed, except in the presence of a person authorized by the Secretary of State. • Written prescriptions are valid for 28 days. • Repeat prescriptions are not permitted. • Prescriptions cannot be faxed or sent electronically. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

38. Schedule III • The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

39. Examples of Schedule III Drugs • Buprenorphine, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, midazolam and some minor stimulants, including benzphetamine. • These drugs are subject to safe custody requirements but do not have to be recorded in the Controlled Drugs Register. • Written prescriptions are valid for 28 days. • Repeat prescriptions are not permitted. • Prescriptions cannot be faxed or sent electronically. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

40. Schedule IV Drugs • The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III. Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

41. Examples of Schedule IV Drugs • Split into two parts:  part I includes benzodiazepines and ketamine; part II contains anabolic and androgenic steroids • They are not subject to safe custody requirements. However, as ketamine is a substance of abuse, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) recommends that it is stored in the Controlled Drugs cabinet and its use recorded in an informal Register • Written prescriptions are valid for 28 days Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

42. Schedule V • The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV • The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States • Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

43. Examples of Schedule V Drugs • Preparations of certain Controlled Drugs, such as codeine and morphine, which are exempt from full control when present in medicinal products of low strength • They are exempt from all Controlled Drug requirements, other than the requirement to keep invoices for 5 years • Prescription valid for 6 months Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

44. Sanitation Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

45. Types of Sanitation • Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc • Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

46. Types of Sanitation • Sterilizing– destroying ALL microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat under pressure • Antiseptics– solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

47. Commonly Used Chemicals • Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol • Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde • Chlorine – bleach • Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine • Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

48. Methods of Sanitation • Physical cleaning – using a chemical with a mop or sponge • Cold sterilization – soaking items in a disinfectant chemical until they are used • Dry heat – incinerating an object or exposing it to flame • Radiation – using ultraviolet or gamma rays Unit I: Safety & Sanitation

49. Methods of Sanitation • Filtration – removing particles from the air using a physical barrier • Ultrasound – passing high frequency sound waves through a solution to create a vibration that scrubs an object to remove debris • Autoclave – a sealed chamber in which objects are exposed to heat and steam under pressure Unit I: Safety & Sanitation