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Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Honors Biology

Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Honors Biology. Page 1 of 9. Chemical reactions. Some break down substances Some build substances Most need to happen quickly. Page 2 of 9. Enzymes. Very specific; Are not used up or changed Each type enzyme can catalyze only one chemical reaction

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Enzymes and Chemical Reactions Honors Biology

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  1. Enzymes and Chemical ReactionsHonors Biology Page 1 of 9

  2. Chemical reactions • Some break down substances • Some build substances • Most need to happen quickly Page 2 of 9

  3. Enzymes • Very specific; Are not used up or changed • Each type enzyme can catalyze only one chemical reaction • Catalyst – changes rate of chemical reaction

  4. Enzymes • Involved in many processes - digestion, respiration, reproduction, movement, cell regulation • Helps maintain “homeostasis”

  5. Enzymes • Substrate = substance that an enzyme works on • Enzyme binds to substrate at “active site” • How they “fit” together depends on structure of enzyme; pH and temp. can change structure Page 8 of 9

  6. How enzymes work Example of a substrate = sugar

  7. Starting Chemical Reactions • Activation energy - amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur • Enzymes reduce amount needed Page 3 of 9

  8. Enzymes and Heat • Sometimes heat is needed to start a reaction • Too much heat can “denature” enzymes - make them inactive Page 4 of 9

  9. pH and Enzymes • Can also denature enzymes; cells affected • In organisms pH must be kept in narrow range • Buffers make sure this happens Page 5 of 9

  10. pH Scale Examples

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