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Direct / Indirect

Direct / Indirect. Jim Penman Simon Eggleston. CO 2 – The problem. CO 2 enters atmosphere either as CO 2 directly emitted “direct” CO 2 Or as oxidation of other C containing gases (e.g. CH 4 , CO, NMVOC) Existing Guidance

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Direct / Indirect

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  1. Direct / Indirect Jim Penman Simon Eggleston

  2. CO2 – The problem • CO2 enters atmosphere • either as CO2 directly emitted “direct” CO2 • Or as oxidation of other C containing gases (e.g. CH4, CO, NMVOC) • Existing Guidance • Fuel emissions are based on C content of fuel – e.g. ALL C emitted as gas – Direct + Indirect CO2 (“total”). • Other sectors just have guidance for direct CO2. • Biogenic carbon sources have NO indirect CO2

  3. 2006 Guidelines • In order to reduce changes from existing guidelines • Fuel Combustion will be reported as before. • Other Sources should report Direct and Total (Direct + Indirect CO2) • Biogenic C sources have CH4 etc but NO indirect CO2 as it is part of a closed biological cycle. • Guidance on CH4 is there but no extra guidance for CO and NMVOC is anticipated (reference will be made to other sources of guidance) • It is not expected that this will be a major source • Most developed countries already have inventories of CO and NMVOC

  4. Indirect N2O • Existing guidelines for agriculture give methods for estimating emissions of N2O caused by the deposition of emitted NOx and NH3 – “indirect N2O” • Guidance given for Agriculture only • Clearly other emissions of NOx and NH3 cause indirect N2O

  5. Nitrogen Transport • Complex and difficult to estimate deposition • Measurements also need to be extensive, long term and expensive. • EMEP (UNECE) programme in Europe is an example

  6. An alternative • All N emitted is deposited • Apply emission factor to Emissions (as all emissions are deposited somewhere) • Allocate indirect N2O emissions to cause of the emission • Approach is simple and verifiable.

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