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The War Ends. Total War. Gen. Grant named commander of the Union army in March 1864 Grant’s strategy Pursue Lee in Virginia Gen. Sherman push to the Atlantic Sherman uses total war to cut a path 60 miles wide and 300 miles long through Georgia
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Total War • Gen. Grant named commander of the Union army in March 1864 • Grant’s strategy • Pursue Lee in Virginia • Gen. Sherman pushto the Atlantic • Sherman uses total war to cut a path 60 miles wide and 300 miles long through Georgia • His success aids in Lincoln’s victory in the election of 1864 • Breaks the spirit of the South
Wilderness Campaign • Both forces fought in a mangle of trees and brush so thick it was difficult to see each other • Union lost 17,000 men • Grant vowed not to retreat • June 1864, at Petersburg they dug trenches and fought for 10 months • On April 3, 1865 they took Richmond, the Confederate capital • Confederates attempted to burn it
Lincoln’s 2nd Inauguration • March 4, 1865 • Cold, windy, rainy day in Washington, D.C. • Lincoln spoke in front of the Capital building • Dome was complete • John Wilkes Booth was an invited guest • Recalled the major cause of war • Vowed to restore peace & unity “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.”
Surrender @ Appomattox Courthouse CONFEDERATE LINES BREAK ON APRIL 2, 1865 LEE RETREATS WEST OF RICHMOND UNION BLOCKED HIS ESCAPE ROUTE “There is nothing left for me to do but go & see General Grant, & I would rather die a thousand deaths.”
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, April 9, 1965
Surrender @ Appomattox Courthouse LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT CONFEDERATES SENT HOME WITHOUT WEAPONS “I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought so long and valiantly…though [the cause]…[was] one of the worst for which a people ever fought, and one which there was the least excuse. I do not question the sincerity of the great mass of those who were opposed to us.” JEFFERSON DAVIS CAPTURED ON MAY 10 AND THE CIVIL WAR OFFICIALLY ENDS!
Cost of the War • Deadliest war in American history • 620,000 dead • 535,000 wounded • 3,000,000 served • About 10% of the population • North and South combined spent more than 5 times the spent in the previous 8 DECADES
Constitutional Amendment • The Union Army marched through the South & released slaves • The officers read the Emancipation Proclamation at each plantation • Jan. 1865 – Lincoln urged Congress to end slavery • 13th Amendment passed in 1865 • Ended slavery in America • By year’s end, 27 states (8 in the South) ratified it
Lincoln Assassinated • Lincoln was shot 5 days after the surrender • While watching a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. • Shot by a Confederate supporter, John Wilkes Booth • Booth jumped onto the stage and escaped • Broke his leg in the process
Assassination • Sec. of State William Seward was stabbed, he later recovered • Vice Pres. Andrew Johnson was supposed to be assassinated • Booth was tracked and killed • The other conspirators were hanged or imprisoned
Aftermath • Lincoln died the next morning • The bullet could not be removed from his brain • First president to be assassinated • Vice Pres. Andrew Johnson was sworn in as President of the U.S. Funeral procession for President Lincoln Victory parade after the surrender
