Hormones

1. Hormones Martina Tycová, Tereza Mlatečková

2. What are hormones? • from Greek word „horman“ = drive activity • organic substances • biocatalyzer • are secreted by plants and animals • carry out communication between organs, tissues and cells • are first messenger carry out - uskutečnit

3. Hormones create endocrine gland. gland – žláza create - tvořit

4. Pituitary • a major edocrine gland in vertebrates • consists of two parts: anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) • the anterior pituitary is called the „master gland“, because it secretes several hormones → affects the other endocrine glands • products hormon somatotropin = growth hormon vasopresin = has effect bloodpressure oxytocin = causes the uterus to contract during birth anterior – přední posterior - zadní

5. Thyroid gland • main hormons of thyroid contain 3-4 atoms of iodine in molecule • 90% iodine in body go through thyroid gland • hormons of thyroid influence proteosynthesis • thyroxin regulates the rate of metabolism • trijodthyronin (T3)+thyrosin = stimulate synthesis mRNR and proteins, support differentiation of cells • calcitonin – declines concentration of calcium in a blood In parathyroid is one important hormon parathormon, which operates metabolism of calcium and phosphate. His deficiency provoke convulsions. Total deficiency implicate death. decline – snižovat provoke – vyvolávat convulsions – křeče implicate - způsobovat

6. Adrenals Hormons from the adrenal cortex regulate glucose and a metabolism. • are important in helping an individual cope with stress • adrenalin – seperate out into the blood at stress → implicate increasing concentration of glucose • noradrenalin – increase blood preassure

7. Pancreas • Synthesises 2 important peptid hormons – insulin and glucagon Insulin • supports production and storing of lipids and carbohydrates, increases synthesis of protein, makes possible entry glucose to tissues, absence of insulin implicate disease diabetes Glukagon • Supports degradation of store substances, has an oppossite effect than insulin Storing -zásobní

8. Sex hormons • Secrete steroids hormons Female • Estrogens – support growth of sexual organs, evolution of secondary sexual signs, implicate excluding sodium and water in our body, decrease level of cholesterol in blood • Progesterons – prepare sexual organs for gravidity Male • Testosterons - support growth of sexual organs, evolution of secondary sexual signs, are necessary for ageing sperm Secrete – vylučovat excluding - zadržovat Evolution – vývoj ageing - zrání

9. Thank you for your attention.