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Evolution of Factories and Workers: From Cottage Industries to Mass Production

Learn about the transition from cottage industries to factories, the impact on workers and factory towns, labor conditions, and advances in production processes. Explore the challenges faced by cottage workers, factory life in the 18th and 19th centuries, factory system roles, labor unrest, and the rise of mass production in the U.S.

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Evolution of Factories and Workers: From Cottage Industries to Mass Production

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  1. Ch. 7.2- Factories and Workers Main Idea The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories.

  2. Work in the Home Problems for Cottage Industries • Raw materials delivered • Work done to completion • Merchant takes product to market • Workers controlled schedules, quality • Family life revolved around business • Destruction of equipment • Time to learn skills • Physical strength required • Factory owners took advantage of drawbacks Production before Factories

  3. Factories and Factory Towns • English Factory Life 1750-1850 • Workers paid $0.10 an hour • Working 12-16 hour days • Worked 6 days a week • Making $8-$10 a week • Life Expectancy • Farmers 45 years old • Factory workers 26 years old • 60% of kids died before 5 yrs • 2 toilets for 250 people • Where employees worked • Major change from cottage industry • Had to leave home to work • Hardships for some workers • Working in a factory • Dangerous work for all • Long workdays • Poor factory conditions common • Life in factory towns • Towns grew up around factories • Towns, factories rose near coal mines • Sanitation poor in many factory towns

  4. The Factory System and Workers • Workers in a New Economy • Wealthy to invest in, own factories • Mid-level to run factories • Low-level to run machines • Cottage Workers’ Unrest • Handmade goods more expensive than factory made • Luddite movement, 1811 • Violence spread, 1812 • Changing Labor Conditions • No government regulation • Labor unions organized • Strikes brought change • New Class of Workers • Growth of middle class • Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen • Economy increased

  5. Mass Production Effects • Mass production began in U.S. • Elements: • Interchangeable parts • Assembly line • Production and repair more efficient • Production more swift • Dramatic increase in production • Businesses charged less • Affordable goods • More repetitious jobs • Soon became norm Factories and Mass Production The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories.

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