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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: The First New Deal Section 2: The Second New Deal Section 3: The New Deal Coalition Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. Can Government Fix the Economy?

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The First New Deal Section 2:The Second New Deal Section 3:The New Deal Coalition Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. Can Government Fix the Economy? • During the 1930s, New Deal programs increased government regulation of banking, industry, and farming; gave greater rights to workers; and provided government aid to the unemployed and senior citizens. • What kind of problems do you think government can solve? • What difficulties can result when the government tries to regulate the economy? Chapter Intro

  4. Chapter Timeline

  5. Chapter Timeline

  6. The First New Deal In what areas did the New Deal attempt to make major economic improvements? Chapter Intro 1

  7. The Second New Deal How did the Second New Deal assist unions, the elderly, and the unemployed? Chapter Intro 2

  8. The New Deal Coalition What was the legacy of the New Deal? Chapter Intro 3

  9. Chapter Preview-End

  10. Big Ideas Individual ActionFranklin Delano Roosevelt’s character and experiences prepared him for the presidency. Section 1-Main Idea

  11. Content Vocabulary • polio • gold standard • bank holiday • fireside chats Academic Vocabulary • apparent • ideology • fundamental Section 1-Key Terms

  12. People and Events to Identify • New Deal • Hundred Days • Civilian Conservation Corps Section 1-Key Terms

  13. A B In an economic crisis, do you feel that it is best to experiment with new ideas or to maintain the status quo? A. Experiment B. Status quo Section 1-Polling Question

  14. Roosevelt’s Rise to Power Franklin D. Roosevelt was governor of New York when he was elected president in 1932, promising a New Deal for the American people. Section 1

  15. Roosevelt’s Rise to Power (cont.) • After losing the 1920 election as the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Franklin Delano Roosevelt temporarily withdrew from politics. • The next year he caught polio, but refused to give in. • In 1928, Roosevelt ran for governor of New York. • He won the election and oversaw the creation of the first state relief agency to aid the unemployed. Section 1

  16. Roosevelt’s Rise to Power (cont.) • Roosevelt’s popularity in New York paved the way for his presidential nomination in 1932. • His policies for ending the Depression became known as the New Deal. • On election day, Roosevelt beat Herbert Hoover in a landslide. Section 1

  17. A B C D E Who helped keep Roosevelt’s name prominent in New York while he recovered from polio? A.Eleanor Roosevelt B.Louis Howe C.Theodore Roosevelt D. A and B E.A and C Section 1

  18. The Hundred Days Upon taking office, FDR launched the New Deal by sending 15 major pieces of legislation to Congress. Section 1

  19. The Hundred Days (cont.) • Although Roosevelt won the presidency in November 1932, the country’s unemployed and homeless had to endure another winter as they waited for his inauguration. • Some of the bank runs occurred because people feared that Roosevelt would abandon the gold standard and reduce the value of the dollar in order to fight the Depression. • In 38 states, governors declared bank holidays to save the remaining banks. Section 1

  20. The Hundred Days (cont.) • By the day of Roosevelt’s inauguration, most of the nation’s banks were closed. • One in four workers was unemployed. • Between March 9 and June 16, 1933—which came to be called the Hundred Days—Congress passed 15 major acts to resolve the economic crisis. • These programs made up what would later be called the First New Deal. Section 1

  21. The Hundred Days (cont.) • To generate new ideas and programs, Roosevelt deliberately chose advisers who disagreed with each other. • One group during the early years of his administration supported the “New Nationalism” of Theodore Roosevelt. • A second group wanted government planners to run key parts of the economy. • A third group supported the “New Freedom” of Woodrow Wilson. Section 1

  22. A B C D What kind of approach did Roosevelt take as president? A.Bold experimentation B.Quiet acceptance C.Solitary pondering D.Loud preaching Section 1

  23. Banks and Debt Relief President Roosevelt took steps to strengthen banks and the stock market and to help farmers and homeowners keep their property. Section 1

  24. Banks and Debt Relief (cont.) • Roosevelt knew the first thing he had to do was restore confidence in the banking system. • The House of Representatives unanimously passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act after only 38 minutes of debate. • On March 12, sixty million people listened to the first of many of Roosevelt’s “fireside chats.” Section 1

  25. Banks and Debt Relief (cont.) • He assured people that their money was safe in banks, and the next day, deposits far outweighed withdrawals. • Roosevelt listened to his advisers and supported the Securities Act of 1933 and the Glass-Steagall Banking Act. • Congress also created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud. The First Hundred Days Section 1

  26. Banks and Debt Relief (cont.) • The Glass-Steagall Act created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to provide government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount. • To help homeowners make their mortgage payments, Roosevelt asked Congress to establish the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC). The First Hundred Days Section 1

  27. Banks and Debt Relief (cont.) • Congress also authorized the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) to help farmers refinance their mortgages. The First Hundred Days Section 1

  28. A B Which of the following acts required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors? A.Securities Act of 1933 B.The Glass-Steagall Banking Act Section 1

  29. Farms and Industry New Deal legislation tried to raise crop prices and stabilize industry. Section 1

  30. Farms and Industry (cont.) • To further help the nation’s farmers, Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace drafted the Agricultural Adjustment Act. • Administered by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), the government paid farmers not to raise certain livestock, not to grow certain crops, and not to produce dairy products. • The plan worked, but did not benefit everyone, especially tenant farmers. The TVA, 1940 Section 1

  31. Farms and Industry (cont.) • The government turned its attention to manufacturing in June 1933, when Roosevelt and Congress enacted the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). • Under the leadership of Hugh Johnson, the National Recovery Administration (NRA) ran the entire program. • By the time the Supreme Court declared the NRA unconstitutional in 1935, it had already lost much of its political support. The TVA, 1940 Section 1

  32. A B C D What was the National Recovery Administration’s symbol? A.A bulldog B.A fist C.A blue eagle D.An American flag Section 1

  33. Relief Programs Programs such as the CCC, the PWA, and the WPA provided jobs for some unemployed workers. Section 1

  34. Relief Programs (cont.) • The most highly praised New Deal work relief program was the Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC). • The CCC offered unemployed young men 18 to 25 years old the opportunity to work under the direction of the forestry service planting trees, fighting forest fires, and building reservoirs. Section 1

  35. Relief Programs (cont.) • Congress also established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), led by Harry Hopkins. • In June 1933 Congress authorized another relief agency, the Public Works Administration (PWA) which put civilians to work on government-funded construction projects. Section 1

  36. Relief Programs (cont.) • Roosevelt authorized Hopkins to set up the Civil Works Administration (CWA), since FERA and the PWA weren’t reducing unemployment significantly. • The agency did provide jobs through the winter, but Roosevelt insisted that it be shut down the following spring due to the large amount of money the agency spent. Section 1

  37. Relief Programs (cont.) • Perhaps the most important result of the first New Deal was a noticeable change in the spirit of the American people. • Roosevelt’s actions had inspired hope and restored Americans’ faith in their nation. Section 1

  38. A B C D E Which of the following did the Civil Works Administration build or improve? A.Airports B.Roads C.Playgrounds D. Schools E.All of the above Section 1

  39. Section 1-End

  40. Big Ideas Economics and SocietyIn 1935 Roosevelt introduced new programs to help unions, senior citizens, and the unemployed. Section 2-Main Idea

  41. Content Vocabulary • deficit spending • binding arbitration • sit-down strike Academic Vocabulary • benefit • finance • thereby Section 2-Key Terms

  42. People and Events to Identify • American Liberty League • Works Progress Administration • National Labor Relations Board • Congress of Industrial Organizations • Social Security Act Section 2-Key Terms

  43. A B Do you think that Social Security is necessary? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

  44. Launching the Second New Deal By 1935, the New Deal faced political and legal challenges, as well as growing concern that it was not ending the Depression. Section 2

  45. Launching the Second New Deal (cont.) • Although New Deal programs had created more than 2 million new jobs, more than 10 million workers remained unemployed, and the nation’s total income was about half of what it had been in 1929. • Hostility toward Roosevelt came from both the political right and the left. • To pay for his programs, Roosevelt had started deficit spending, and many business leaders became greatly alarmed at the government’s growing deficit. Section 2

  46. Launching the Second New Deal (cont.) • In August 1934 business leaders and anti-New Deal politicians from both parties joined together to create the American Liberty League. • Three people who challenged Roosevelt were: • Huey Long • Father Coughlin • Francis Townsend Section 2

  47. Launching the Second New Deal (cont.) • In 1935 Roosevelt launched a series of programs now known as the Second New Deal. • Among these new programs was the Works Progress Administration (WPA), headed by Harry Hopkins. • The WPA’s most controversial program was Federal Number One, a program for artists, musicians, theater people, and writers. Section 2

  48. Launching the Second New Deal (cont.) • In May 1935, in Schechter Poultry Company v. United States, the Supreme Court unanimously struck down the authority of the NRA. • Roosevelt feared that the Court would strike down the rest of the New Deal and told Congress that they could not go home until they passed his new bills. Section 2

  49. A B C Which of the following people proposed that the federal government pay citizens over the age of 60 a pension of $200 a month? A.Huey Long B.Father Coughlin C.Francis Townsend Section 2

  50. Reforms for Workers and the Elderly Roosevelt asked Congress to pass the Wagner Act and Social Security to build support among workers and older Americans. Section 2

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