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Voltage quality regulation in Sweden

Voltage quality regulation in Sweden. Lars Ström, Math Bollen, Rémy Kolessar Energy Markets Inspectorate Eskilstuna, Sweden. Voltage quality in Sweden. Responsibility of the network operator Monitoring only for internal use, no publication The regulatory process is triggered by a complaint

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Voltage quality regulation in Sweden

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  1. Voltage quality regulation in Sweden Lars Ström, Math Bollen, Rémy Kolessar Energy Markets Inspectorate Eskilstuna, Sweden

  2. Voltage quality in Sweden • Responsibility of the network operator • Monitoring only for internal use, no publication • The regulatory process is triggered by a complaint • Step 1: try to reach agreement • Step 2: the regulator investigates the case • Step 3: the regulator can enforce measures by the network operator Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  3. What is acceptable voltage quality? • Existing situation: EN 50160 • Soon: a new set of limits • 100% values for most of the EN 50160 levels • EN 50160 for flicker • New requirements for dips and swells • Limits on duration of interruptions • No complaints = acceptable quality Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  4. Voltage-quality variations • Harmonics • EN 50160 levels hold 100% of time • MV levels for HV harmonics 17 – 25 • Unbalance • At most 2%, 100% of time • Flicker • 95% of Plt during one week less than 1.0 • Slow voltage variations • All 10-minute values between 90 and 110% Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  5. Responsibility sharing curve Installations should tolerate these dips Residual voltage Limitations on the number of dips Duration of the dip Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  6. Voltage dips: Swedish regulation Installations should tolerate these dips Residual voltage Dips are unacceptable A reasonable number of dips is acceptable Duration of the dip Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  7. How to choose the curves? • Dips, up to 45 kV • CIGRE/CIRED/UIE working group C4.110 • Dips, above 45 kV • Discussion between the stakeholders • Swells, up to 1 kV • Protection requirements microgeneration • Highest overvoltages during earthfaults • Experiments on equipment damage Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  8. Nominal voltage 45 kV and less 90% 70% AREA B 40% 0.5s 1s 60s 5s 0.2s Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  9. Nominal voltage above 45 kV 90% 80% 70% AREA B 40% 0.5s 1s 60s 5s 0.2s Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  10. Voltage swells, up to 1 kV 135% AREA B 115% 111% 0.5s 60s 5s Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  11. Interruptions – maximum duration Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

  12. Conclusions • New specification on what is considered acceptable voltage quality • Variations: 100% of time • Dips and swells: responsibility sharing • Interruptions: maximum duration • Experience to be gained on what are reasonable numbers of dips and swells Lars Ström – Sweden – S2 – 168

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