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Classifying Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Classifying Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures. By Liz LaRosa www.middleschoolscience.com 2009. Chemistry:. Matter:. The study of matter and its changes. Anything that has mass and volume. Pure Substances. A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties.

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Classifying Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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  1. Classifying Matter:Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures By Liz LaRosa www.middleschoolscience.com 2009

  2. Chemistry: Matter: The study of matter and its changes Anything that has mass and volume

  3. Pure Substances • A sample of matter that has definite chemical and physical properties. Atoms Elements Compounds Molecules

  4. Elements • pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

  5. Each element has a name and symbol:

  6. Not all elements are equally common

  7. Kinetic Molecular Theory Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms, which combine to form molecules.

  8. Molecule: Compound: A group of atoms held together by sharing electrons (covalent bonds) A substance containing more than one element.

  9. Four different molecules: • Which are compounds?

  10. Compounds Pure substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. • Made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same • Has a chemical formula • Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically H2O NaCl CO2

  11. What are each of these?Atom, Element,Molecule,orCompound

  12. Single Chemical Formula: • All pure substances can be represented by a H2O If it’s really a pure substance, you should only need to write ONE chemical formula to describe it’s composition.

  13. Chemical Formula: • All molecules can be represented by a H2O subscript

  14. Chemical Formula # of elements # of atoms total # of Carbon atoms Chemical Formulas show how many atoms of each element are in one molecule: O2 1 2 0 H2O 2 3 0 C3H8O 3 12 3 C6H12O4Cl 4 23 6

  15. How many atoms of each element are present in one molecule of: How many atoms of each element are present in one molecule of: How many atoms of each element are present in one molecule of: (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 N……………. H…………… S……………. O…………… 2 8 1 3 2 8 1 3 2 8 1 3 2 8 1 3

  16. Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Examples: Are made of only one compound or one element. Can be represented by one chemical formula. Salt Salt Salt Salt Salt Salt Copper Copper Copper Copper Water Water Water H2O NaCl Cu

  17. Pure Substance or Mixture?

  18. Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Pure Substances: Examples: Are made of only one compound or one element. Can be represented by one chemical formula. Salt Salt Salt Salt Salt Salt Copper Copper Copper Copper Water Water Water H2O NaCl Cu

  19. Homogenous Mixture An even mixture; particles are blended evenly throughout the mixture. (= “solutions”) Heterogeneous Mixture: An uneven mixture; particles are unevenly distributed.

  20. Mixtures • A combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined. • substances held together by physical forces, not chemical • No chemical change takes place • Each item retains its properties in the mixture • They can be separated physically Chem4kids.com

  21. Mixtures vs. Compounds http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml

  22. Can you identify the following? You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each photo represents an item composed of an element, compound, or mixture. Review: • An element contains just one type of atom. • A compound contains two or more different atoms joined together. • A mixture contains two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically. • A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.

  23. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks

  24. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks

  25. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper

  26. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper Cu

  27. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans

  28. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans

  29. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar

  30. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar C12H22O11

  31. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond

  32. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond C

  33. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea

  34. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea

  35. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt

  36. Element, Compound, or Mixture? NaCl Salt

  37. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas

  38. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Ne Neon Gas

  39. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad

  40. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad

  41. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water

  42. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water H2O

  43. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum

  44. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum Al

  45. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade

  46. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade

  47. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver

  48. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver Ag

  49. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Sand

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