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Introduction to Microcomputers 微算機概論 電通三

Introduction to Microcomputers 微算機概論 電通三. Ying-Wen Bai Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University. Microcomputer ?. MPU: Microprocessor Unit; CPU: Central Processing Unit. Microcomputer?.

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Introduction to Microcomputers 微算機概論 電通三

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  1. Introduction to Microcomputers微算機概論電通三 Ying-Wen Bai Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University

  2. Microcomputer ? MPU: Microprocessor Unit; CPU: Central Processing Unit

  3. Microcomputer? • A computer that uses microprocessor as its CPU. In the 1980s. Microcomputer could be effectively contrasted with minicomputer and mainframes, and typified as inexpensive, single-user systems. However, this is no longer true because minicomputers and even mainframes employ microprocessors. • IBM PC was designed in 1981.

  4. Microprocessor • An integrated circuit that contains the Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), control unit, sometimes the floating-point unit (FPU) of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU). Fabricated on a small flake of silicon and mass-produced at low cost, microprocessor can contain the equivalent million transistors and unquestionably one of the twentieth century’s greatest technological advances. (4004 designed by Intel at 1972)

  5. CPU • CPU: Central Processing Unit • A computer’s internal storage, processing, and control circuitry, including arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), the control unit, read-only memory (ROM), and random access memory (RAM). The ALU and control unit are wholly contained on a chip called the microprocessor; the memory is elsewhere on the motherboard or an adapter on the expansion bus.

  6. PC Motherboard Architecture (1981 IBM設計)

  7. Why microcomputers? • 1. 研究生 –各組實驗需求比率高 通訊 、控制、 計算機 、VLSI 展示和實現研究結果 可程式規劃測試平台,…. • 2. 工程師 –電子/電機/資工系畢業生必備知識之一(多校必修) 工作上需要用到機會高(大部分主管會假設你會一些) 可程式規劃應用功能,… • 3. 創業者 --創業中便宜而且是有力工具(可程式規劃性) • 4. 一般人 –生活上必需品(各類產品內含微算機:資料收集、資料輸出和顯示、資料處理、資料儲存、資料傳輸、其他)

  8. 使用(內含)微算機(電腦)之各類產品 • 平板電腦、筆記型電腦、個人電腦、PDA • 雲端計算系統、伺服器、工作站、各類型電腦/網路設備/通訊系統設備 • 智慧型手機、各類型手機 • 機器人/遊戲機/電子寵物 • 數位相機/數位攝影機/數位電視 • 醫療電子儀器 • 電子書/電子字典/電子表 • 汽車/捷運/各類現代車輛/機車/各類飛機 • 家庭保全系統/各類保全系統/各類控制器 • 其他(很多)

  9. 教科書 • Textbook: Barry B. Brey, “The Intel Microprocessor,” Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009, Eighth Edition. • References: • Walter A. Triebel and Avtar Singh, “The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors,” Prentice Hall, 2003, Fourth Edition. • Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware and Software Introduction, Hohn Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2002. • A. K. Ray and K. M. Bhurchandi, “Intel Microprocessors”, McGRAW-Hill Book Co., 2006 • Office Hours : Tuesday: 10:00~11:00 • Thursday: 10:00~12:00 • Office: SF 719

  10. 評分 • 兩次小考: 10% X 2 • 期中考: 30% • 期末考: 30% • 四次作業: 5% X 4 • 期末報告: 0%~5% (加分)2014/01/07以前繳交 題目與微算機概論相關(4~8頁A4紙張版) • 上課出席: 0%~5% (加分) • 2013/10/22 微算機概論小考 2013/11/12 微算機概論期中考 2013/12/31微算機概論小考 2014/01/14 微算機概論期末考

  11. 「微算機概論」評分情形和修課建議 • 前幾年評分統計：選修本科目不及格率大約10~20% • 如果選修本科目，我們建議： 1. 選修本科目要來上課，每週點名 2. 針對本科目，每週請投入3~9小時自修 時間(閱讀課本，做習題) 3. 多次且仔細閱讀課本(需要查字典或 查證其他資料)和閱讀PowerPoint， 做習題

  12. Contents • Introduction to Microprocessor and Computer • Microprocessor and Its Architecture • Addressing Modes • Data Movement Instructions • Arithmetic and Logic Instruction • Program Control Instructions

  13. Contents • 7. Using Assembly Language with C/C++ • 8. Programming the Microprocessor • 9. 8086/8088 Hardware Specifications • 10 Memory Interface • 11. Basic I/O Interface • 12. Interrupts • 13. Direct Memory Access and DMA-controlled I/O

  14. Contents • 14. The Arithmetic Coprocessor, MMX, and SIMD Technologies • 15. Bus Interface • 16. The 80186, 80188 and 80286 Microprocessors • 17. The 80386 and 80486 Microprocessors

  15. Contents • 18. The Pentium and Pentium Pro Microprocessors • 19. The Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core 2 Microprocessors

  16. The Computer Revolution • Progress in computer technology • Underpinned by Moore’s Law • Makes novel applications feasible • Computers in automobiles • Cell phones • Human genome project • World Wide Web • Search Engines • Cloud Computing • Computers are pervasive

  17. Classes of Computers • Desktop computers • General purpose, variety of software • Subject to cost/performance tradeoff • Server computers • Network based • High capacity, performance, reliability • Range from small servers to building sized • Embedded computers • Hidden as components of systems • Stringent power/performance/cost constraints

  18. The Processor Market

  19. Block Diagram of a Mobile Phone

  20. A Special Computer System:Block Diagram of Digital TV Hardware

  21. Uniprocessor Performance Constrained by power, instruction-level parallelism, memory latency

  22. Worldwide smart phone and client PC shipments, full year 2011 • Smart Phone 487.8 millions +62.7% • Total client PCs 414.6 millions +14.8% • -Pads 63.2 millions +274.2% • -Netbooks 29.4 millions -25.3% • -Notebooks 209.6 millions +7.5% • -Desktops 112.4 millions +2.3%

  23. Worldwide smart phone market Shipments by platform, full year 2011 • Platform Shipment Growth • Total 487.7 millions +62% • Android 237.8 millions +244% • iOS 93.1 millions +98% • Symbian 80.1 millions -25% • BlackBerry 51.4 millions +5% • Bada 6.8 millions -4% • Windows 5.4 millions +14%

  24. 平板電腦成為2014年PC成長動力 • 圖一、2014年平板電腦將佔PC出貨量達24% • 關鍵字： 平板電腦（Tablet PC）

  25. 2013 Q2智慧機銷量2.25億支 • 市調機構表示，第2季全球智慧型手機銷售量達2.25億支，不僅首度超越功能手機、年成長率更遠超過4成，三星、蘋果仍分居冠、亞軍，不過顧能也指出，高階機種中以均價400美元的產品成長性最高，下半年起對於以超過600美元旗艦機種為主打的品牌，都會造成壓力。 • 第2季全球手機整體銷售量為4.35億支，較去年同期小幅成長3.6％，而在智慧型手機已是主流中的主流下，智慧型手機銷售量就佔其中的51.8％、達2.25億支，不僅是首度超越功能手機，銷量更較去年同期大增46.5％，而功能手機則節節衰退，第2季全球功能手機的銷售量為2.1億支，較去年同期大減21％。

  26. Graphics in the Computer Systems

  27. Inside the Processor • AMD Barcelona: 4 processor cores

  28. PowerPoints • Web: http://cs.ee.fju.edu.tw/ • E-mail: bai@ee.fju.edu.tw

  29. 微算機概論 助教 • 研究生:宋明慶 • 地點: SF 743 計算機系統實驗室 • TEL: (02) 29053592 • 討論時間:星期二16:30~18:00 星期四15:40~17:40

  30. 微算機概論 小考 • 12:30~13:30 2013/10/22 (星期二) SF235

  31. 微算機概論 PowerPoint • iCAN • http://cs.ee.edu.tw 電機系 計算機系統實驗室網頁 • 光碟

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