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Case Western Reserve University

Case Western Reserve University. Forever Young Myths, Mysteries, and Mayhem in the University’s History. Richard Baznik Institute for the Study of the University in Society August 20, 2004. Approaching Two Centuries. 1800. 1825. 1850. 1875. 1900. 1925. 1950. 1975. 2000.

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Case Western Reserve University

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  1. Case Western Reserve University Forever Young Myths, Mysteries, and Mayhem in the University’s History Richard Baznik Institute for the Study of the University in Society August 20, 2004

  2. Approaching Two Centuries 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 1967:Western Reserveand Case federate to formCase Western ReserveUniversity 1826: Western ReserveCollege foundedin Hudson 1880: Case School of AppliedScience founded inDowntown Cleveland Today * * * * 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  3. Trends/Events in the Nation and World 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 Abolitionist Movement Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Immigration + Migration Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization Baby Boom D D D D @ D D D RightsMovements Iron Ore Western Migration Reconstruction NewDeal Cold War W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  4. Pre-History 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 Earlyimmigrantsto the areafromConnecticutand othereasternregions Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  5. The Western Reserve of ConnecticutInitially awarded to the Connecticut Colony by King Charles II in 1662; boundary refined in 1786 WesternReserve ofConnecticut CT OH

  6. The Western Reserve of ConnecticutMap by William Sumner of Nelson in Portage County, September 1826

  7. Finally, A College for the Western Reserve 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 * ● WRC Medicine Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  8. Ending Slavery: Abolition vs. ColonizationTown vs. Gown, Gown vs. Gown, and Town vs. Town in Hudson

  9. Diversity on the Campus John Sykes Fayette, Class of 1836, was the first African American student to enroll at Western Reserve College. He was an ardent abolitionist who later became a minister. John Sykes Fayette, Class of 1836,shown years later with his wife.

  10. Social and Economic Strife 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 * ● WRC Medicine Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  11. Medical Education for WomenSix of the first seven women to earn medical degrees in the United Stateswere graduates of Western Reserve College’s Medical College of Cleveland. Dr. ElizabethGrisellM.D., 1856 Dr. Nancy ETalbot Clark M.D., 1852 Dr. Marie E.Zakrzewska,M.D., 1856 Dr. Cordelia A.GreeneM.D., 1856 Dr. EmilyBlackwellM.D., 1854 Not Pictured: Dr. Sarah A. Chadwick, M.D., 1856

  12. Growth and Innovation 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 * CSAS Move toUniv. Circle ● ● “WRU”AdelbertC. for WomenLawDentistry ● ● ● * ● WRC ● Medicine ● Graduate Sch. Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  13. Strong Leadership for Growth AmasaStone LeonardCase, Jr. Flora StoneMather Charles F.Thwing

  14. Case School of Applied Science • Leonard Case, Jr., a classically educated lawyer, endowed the region’s first technological school • He was a leader of the Arkites, area residents interested in natural history • School was started at the Case family homestead on Cleveland’s Public Square • Moved to University Circle next to WRU in 1886 Case Main Building, first structure onthe campus of the Case School ofApplied Science

  15. Amasa Stone: Ashtabula Train DisasterIn December 1876, more than 80 people died when a Lake Shore and Michigan train bridge collapsed. • Investigation blamed bridge design, construction • Recent study faults fabrication of one component • Stone may have launched civic and philanthropic acts – including moving WRC to Cleveland – to atone

  16. The Education of Women • No formal provision for women students in undergraduate programs until 1872 • After intense debate, coeducation ended in 1887 • College for Young Women opened in 1888 -- Flora Stone Mather was a principal benefactor • “Flora Stone Mather College” (1931) absorbed into Western Reserve College in 1972 Viola Smith Buell,Class of 1876, first woman to earnundergraduate degreefrom Western ReserveCollege

  17. Thwing: A Primal Force • President for 31 years (1890-1921) • Developed WRU as a national graduate university committed to its city • Started several new schools and departments • Knew every student by his or her first name • Wrote more than 50 books • Co-founder of the NAACP

  18. Michelson and Morley Edward W. MorleyWestern Reserve Chemist Albert A. MichelsonCase Physicist

  19. Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887)Disproved the prevailing theory that light waves traveled through a “lumeniferous aether” Schematic drawing of Michelson-Morley Interferometer

  20. “Good Fences Make…” Adelbert College (left) and Case Main Building, c. 1888

  21. University Circle (when there was a circle)Postcard view of trolley turn-around in the Circle in the early 1900s View looking southwest toward Western Reserve and Case

  22. Urban and International Issues 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 * CSAS Move toUniv. Circle ● ● “WRU”AdelbertC. for WomenLawDentistry ● ● Libr.Sci. SASSNursing ● * ● ● ● ● WRC ● Medicine ● Graduate Sch. Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  23. “Rich as Rockefeller” – Or NotJohn D. Rockefeller, a Cleveland for several decades, was a generous donor tolocal charities, including Western Reserve and Case. • New York native; moved to Cleveland in his teens to work. • Founded Standard Oil Co. of Ohio in 1870 with other investors. • Devoted Baptist who directed his giving to address church’s priorities. • Moved back to New York in 1883. In 1887 gave funds to a small Baptist institution in Chicago that in 1890 became the University of Chicago. John D. Rockefeller,from a 1917painting byJohn SingerSargent

  24. When is a Gargoyle Just a Gargoyle?Legend has it that a gargoyle glares at Case from the tower of Amasa Stone Chapel. • Did WRU trustees want to show spite toward Leonard Case, Jr., who was an atheist? • Chapel was gift of two daughters of Amasa Stone, who would not have allowed spiteful action. • Designed by a Boston architect with no ties to local lore, politics. • Design based on a European church -- common to place a gargoyle on the west wall.

  25. Depression and Renewal 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 * ● CSAS “CIT” Move toUniv. Circle ● ClevelandCollege ● ● “WRU”AdelbertC. for WomenLawDentistry ● ● Libr.Sci. SASSNursing ● * ● ● ● ● ● WRC ● “Mather” Medicine ● Graduate Sch. Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  26. Partisan Spartan? Disliking Viking? • Tomlinson Hall (built by Case Institute in 1947) features this fellow over its main entrance. • Rumor: It’s a “Spartan” or “Viking” glaring eastward toward Adelbert College in return for the gargoyle on the chapel. • Architect: It’s “the Searcher, ever seeking new things in the world and in science…” (even, it seems, at Western Reserve University). Seeking knowledge, not revenge.

  27. Meet Gaston Fafufnik, CIT ‘51 • Local example of the perennial humor by upperclassmen: the incoming freshman • “Last of a long line of Fafufniks to matriculateat Case…” • “Gaston has diligently immersed himself in student activities…”

  28. Population and Knowledge “Explosion” 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 ● Systems DesignJennings C. C.Study of Materials * ● ● CSAS ● “CIT” Move toUniv. Circle ● * ClevelandCollege ● Federation ● “WRU”AdelbertC. for WomenLawDentistry ● ● Bus.Admin. Libr.Sci. SASSNursing ● * ● ● ● ● ● ● WRC ● “Mather” Medicine ● Graduate Sch. Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  29. What is a “Federation?” 1967 merger of CIT, WRU: • Unprecedented in higher education • “Equal partnership” (thus the choice of language), but still highly emotional for many • Football teams merged in 1970 (competed until then) • Intense political, economic, demographic change Editorial cartoon from The Plain Dealer,January 1966

  30. A Modern Research University 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 ● Systems DesignJennings C. C.Study of Materials * ● ● CSAS ● “CIT” Move toUniv. Circle ● CaseWesternReserveUniversity * ClevelandCollege ● Federation ● “WRU”AdelbertC. for WomenLawDentistry ● ● Bus.Admin. Libr.Sci. SASSNursing ● * ● ● ● ● ● ● WRC ● “Mather” Medicine ● Graduate Sch. Cold War Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology…. Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization B. Boom D D Reconstr’n D D D NewDeal RightsMovements Iron Ore @ Western Migration D D W W W W W W W W W 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

  31. Institute for the Study of the University in Society

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