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Tools of BioNerds

Discover the essential tool for biologists - microscopes! Explore compound light, stereoscopes, electron microscopes, and their functions. Learn about magnification, resolution, and the power of different lenses. Find out how electron microscopes provide detailed 2D and 3D images, and delve into chromatography and staining techniques in biology. Unveil the secrets of viewing living cells and microscopic organisms with clarity and precision.

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Tools of BioNerds

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  1. Tools of BioNerds Sorry, of Biologists….

  2. Microscopes • Most important tool! • Magnifies organisms… …which allows us to view LIVING cells • 3 TYPES: • Compound Light Microscope • Stereoscope • Electron Microscope

  3. Compound Light Microscope Ocular Lens • What we use in Biology!!! • Uses two lenses…(“compound light”) • Light MUST be able to pass through • 2 Lenses: • Ocular Lens (eyepiece) 10X • Objective Lens 4X, 10X, 40X Objective Lens

  4. Diaphragm Base Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base. Ocular lens(Eyepiece) Body Tube Nosepiece Arm Objectives Stage Stage Clips Coarse Adjustment Fine Adjustment Light See Next Page for Functions!!!

  5. What’s My Power? To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective. Ocular Lens X Objective Lens = Total Magnification What is this total magnification ? 400X

  6. Compound Light Microscope • Limit of Resolution: • Resolution: ability to see clearly • …when you see something MOST clearly • Past this….causes BLURRING • Best picture = Low power • Magnification = Clear

  7. Limit of Resolution

  8. Better details with higher the powers of magnification…but we cannot see as much of the image. Which of these images would be viewed at a higher power of magnification? Comparing Powers of Magnification

  9. Stereoscope • Used for Dissections!!! (PABio) • Better look at the SURFACE of objects • Light DOES NOT pass through • 2 Ocular Lenses (Eyepieces): • Magnifies X10-X60 • 2 Lights Can See the Blood Move!

  10. Wolf Spider… Stereomicroscope Close Up of Spider Compound Light Microscope Spider Fang

  11. …Last but not Least… Electron Microscope • Limit of Resolution …not like compound light • Uses ELECTRONS to form images …not LIGHT • Magnifies X500,000 with DETAIL and CLARITY • 2 Types: • Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

  12. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) • Uses ELECTRONS  2-D images • Object must be: • Dead • Stained • Preserved • Sliced Thinly

  13. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) • Uses ELECTRONS  3-D Image

  14. More Super Awesome BioNERD Pictures!

  15. Chromatography • Separate components of a mixture • Different Rates of Diffusion • Different Densities color picture Example: Water soluble ink separates into various colors

  16. Staining-adding stain so view more clearly

  17. Spins up to 20,000 spins/min Centrifugation Separate by Density Most Dense= Bottom Least Dense = Top

  18. Which one is more dense? A B

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