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International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems

International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems. Y. Ian Noy , Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5

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International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems

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  1. International Harmonized Research Activities:Intelligent Transport Systems Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5 Tel: (613) 998-2268 Fax: (613) 998-4831 NOYI@tc.gc.ca TransportCanada

  2. Positioning & tracking Digital maps Communication links Microprocessors Image processors Information databases Traffic management Traffic monitoring Smart cards Automated aids Intelligent Transport Systems Transportation objectives • Reduce congestion • Improve safety • Increase efficiency • Improve comfort • Improve transit services • Reduce fuel consumption • Reduce emissions

  3. Levels of Automation • Information • Warning • Driver assistance (active pedal) • Partial control of vehicle functions (steering, stop&go) • Complete control of vehicle (AHS)

  4. Rationalizing Automation • Each level has unique safety issues • Each level must coexist with other levels • Progression from one level to next is not incremental– it represents a radical change

  5. Vehicle-based Driver Assistance and Crash Avoidance Systems • Vision enhancement & visual range warning • Intelligent speed adaptation • Adaptive cruise control • Collision warning (e.g., lane departure, rear-end, lane change, intersection) • Fatigue/impairment warning • Pavement monitoring and friction warning • Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance • Emergency reporting and response • Backing and merging aids

  6. ITS: Safety Impact Framework Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + -

  7. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Direct Safety Benefits • Reduction of crash risk through • on-board CA systems • road-side CA systems • tolerance for driver/system errors • Mitigation of crash consequences through improved emergency response

  8. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Indirect Safety Benefits • Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip lengths, and greater choice of mode) • Reduced exposure to unauthorized use (elicense) • Reduced traffic variance and conflicts (through better traffic management and improved interaction between driver and other road users) • Reduced driver stress and fatigue

  9. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Direct Safety Risks • Driver distraction • Driver overload • Driver confusion • Reduced situation awareness • Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or nuisance alarms • Increased discomfort, stress • Command effect

  10. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Indirect Safety Risks • Behavioural adaptation • Increased travel (pleasurable) • Loss of skill & negative transfer • Violation of expectation (by non-users) • Collision migration (MV to SV, to other users, etc.)

  11. + Driving Task ITS Collisions - ITS Safety, or IS IT? • ITS technology is safety neutral - Its implementation is safety critical • Safety impact depends largely on the extent to which the system supports users’ needs, and is compatible with human capabilities and limitations

  12. Government’s Role • Discourage technologies/implementations that are likely to have an adverse effect on safety • Encourage implementation of technologies that are likely to have safety benefits

  13. the Netherlands Poland Sweden U.K. U.S.A. EC EESV Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):International Harmonized Research Activities • Australia • Canada • France • Germany • Hungary • Italy • Japan

  14. ESV: IHRA Working Groups • Intelligent Transport Systems • Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection • Pedestrian Safety • Biomechanics • Vehicle Compatibility • Side Impact

  15. IHRA-ITS : Objectives • to coordinate international policy-oriented research to minimize the potential adverse consequences of on-board ITS technologies. • to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of in-vehicle information, control and communication systems. • to provide an international view of the state of research into understanding the safety impact of driver workload and distraction.

  16. Aspects of System Safety • System Reliability • Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode. • Human Machine Interaction (HMI) • Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface, definition of dialogue between the user and the system. • Overall Traffic System • The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.

  17. Scope • includes original and aftermarket on-board information, control and communication systems, including • telematics • driver assistance systems, and • collision warning and avoidance systems

  18. Summary of Activities • Conceptual Framework • Workshops • Survey of current research • Priority Projects For further information visit http://199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html

  19. Priority Projects • Development of a harmonized safety evaluation methodology framework • Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems • Human factors principles checklist • Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior • Simulator reference test scenarios • Improved secondary task methodology for evaluating safety effects of driver workload • Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety measures

  20. Importance of ITS Safety Research • Expands ESV’s role into crash avoidance • Elaborates the role of governments with respect to ITS safety • ITS safety is currently unregulated; therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized policies based on shared scientific understanding of the issues

  21. Key Challenges for Government • Traditional policy paradigms not suitable: • Design cycle shorter than policy cycle • Technology is diversifying rapidly • Science lags technology • Integration by consumer, not industry • Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid

  22. IHRA-WP.29 Liaison • IHRA research focus • Summarize state of knowledge • Coordinate joint research • Develop test procedures • WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and priorities. IHRA to coordinate the regulatory development research to support WP.29 work program

  23. Recommendations vis WP.29 • coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on ITS-related matters (ISA) • Develop strategy for global regulation development for on-board ITS • ST – coordinate among existing GR’s, lead? • LT – create new GR • utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal Group for ITS-related matters

  24. Possible Short Term Plan • GRRF – Collision avoidance, driver assistance (ACC, ESP), ISA • GRE/GRRF?– Reliability (Annex 18) • GRE/GRSG? – Collision and drowsiness warning, vision enhancement, maneuvering aids • GRSG – Telematics, navigation • GRSP – Collision mitigation?

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