Towards Asian Community Deepening political and social agenda of East Asian cohesion

1. Towards Asian CommunityDeepening political and social agenda of East Asian cohesion ＴＡＧＡ　Ｈｉｄｅｔｏｓｈｉ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ　ｏｆ　Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ　Ｓｏｃｉａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ Waseda University

2. Sharing common identity and common unit (taxonomy or title) • Common identity • not for profit, not for blood, but for problem solution • admitting smaller social units as regional actor (smaller than nation state) • Common unit • Asian taxonomy • using same methodology to solve problem

3. Factor of Identity • time • past, present, future • space • individual, family, local community, province, country, sub-region, region, continent, world/global, universe • category • emotional, functional, issue-oriented

4. Time factor space category past future present

5. Ｓｐａｃｅ　ｆａｃｔｏｒ world / global UN, MNC continent Asia region East Asia Community sub-region ASEAN country Malaysia province local community huge family small nuclear individual

6. Combination:time & space, individual identify as a father identify as a student identify as a husband individual identify as a member of some enterprise ｂｏｒｎ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ ｄｅａｔｈ identify as a son/daghter as a friend of someone

7. Category factor • Emotional • You like it or don’t like it. likes or dislikes • Functional • Able to get something or loose. loss or gain • Issue-oriented • Is it right or wrong? right or wrong

8. In other exact words for exsample • Emotional • blood, family, friend, home-town, ethnic-group, nation • Functional • conduct bearing profit, organisation, institution • Issue-oriented • human rights, environment,

9. Degree of natural-artificial Natural emotional functional Artificial (by will) issue-oriented

10. Combination:space & category, function Large in size Administrative area Governmental affairs Mostly functional Politics (官) Industrial and commercial area Enterprises, companies Mostly functional Economics　（民） Public Private Private area Family, individual matters Mostly emotional Family　　（私） Public area Civil society Mostly issue-oriented Society　（公） Small in size

11. Multiple identity,Flowing identity, drifting identity space category time

12. Cohesion by Issue-oriented Identity • Sharing common problems: • identify oneself to activity and/or organisation to solve the problem beyond blood, age and national border. • an artificial identity made by will. • must not be trapped by narrow national interest. • imagination beyond national border is needed. • not only cooperation among various nationality but also among govermental organisation, non-governmental organisation and multi, single national companies.

13. Unification of unit & title • In comparison with European Union • Focus upon daily life • wine, beer, whisky, gin even vodka • piano, violin, trumpet, clarinet, cymbals They have their common names and taxonomy. We have the same in Asia but most of unified titles according to single taxonomy is only effective to those from West.

14. Neither common unit nor taxonomy • We do not have an idea of Asian orchestra composed of Asian musical instrument. • In the age of globalisation there are two ways to globalise our own-ness. • as an example, look at two globalised Japanese origined sports; Judo and Sumo • Judo has been prevailed in all over the world and rules are improved in international scene. • Sumo has limited to play inside Japan, but players are recruited internationally and they are ‘Japanised.’ • Same is true to commodities and institutions .

15. Example:cooperation in environment problem • One of the most successful case is EANET, Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia

16. EcologicalMonitoringPost EANET, PRSAD Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (Executive Summary) October 2007, p.8.

17. Precipitation:rainfall EANET, PRSAD Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (Executive Summary) October 2007, p.12.

18. PH levels EANET, PRSAD Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (Executive Summary) October 2007, p.13.

19. Non-sea-salt-sulfate ion(nss-SO4-) EANET, PRSAD Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (Executive Summary) October 2007, p.14

20. Critical Loads in 2020 EANET, PRSAD Periodic Report on the State of Acid Deposition in East Asia (Executive Summary) October 2007, p.28.

21. Why did they get success? • not only observing common items but also using common unit and the same measuring methods. • middle of 90s measuring method and degree of accuracy were different in respective countries. • 1998-2000 designated as trial period. • dispatched technical mission from Japan • held training semianr, etc. • ensured quality assurance and control(QA/QC) • 2001- started official stage.

22. Country Annual expenses for national monitoring (in US$) • Cambodia Figures not available • China 135,000 • Indonesia 22,000 • Japan 874,000 • Lao PDR Figures not available • Malaysia 248,000 • Mongolia 11,000 • Philippines 24,000 • Republic of Korea 125,000 • Russia 37,000 • Thailand 69,000 • Viet Nam 16,000 EANET/WG 2/10, The Second Session of the Working Group on Further Financial Arrangement for EANET 11-12 August 2003, AIT, Pathumthani, Thailand, p3. item11.

23. http://www.city.kitakyushu.jp/file/26170200/gaikokugo/english.pdf, p.6 01/12/2007

24. The Organization for the East Asia Economic Development(OEAED) and its Environmental Panel • The OEAED consists of ten cities in Japan, China, and South Korea surrounding the Yellow Sea, and aims to form the Yellow Sea Basin Economic Zone through promotion of economic and human exchanges. • Its Environmental Panel gives seminars organized jointly by industry, academia and government, builds a database of advanced environmental information, and thus works for the development of human resources in the basin and contribution to its sustainable development. Source:Ibid.

25. Environmental Cooperation Network of Asian Cities • In order to achieve sustainable development in economically booming Asian regions, Kitakyushu and six cities in four Southeast Asian nations joined the network to share experiences and to act together for the environment. • The organization was launched in Kitakyushu in 1997 at the Conference on Environmental Cooperation among Asian cities. • To support these cities solve their problems, Kitakyushu accepts trainees, dispatches experts, and holds seminars.

26. Kitakyushu Initiative Network • At the 4th Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development (MCED) of the United Nations Environment and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) in 2000, the Kitakyushu Initiative for a Cleaner Environment was adopted, using Kitakyushu’s experiences as a model for overcoming pollution and restoring the environment for a steady promotion of environmental quality enhancement in the Asia-Pacific region, where pollution has been serious. • Network participant cities, 62 cities from 18 Asia-Pacific countries as of December 2006 have been involved in seminars, study tours, and pilot projects. Source:Ibid.

27. City of Kitakyushu as a connecting point The Yellow Sea Rim Micro-region The Japan Sea Rim Micro-region Cooperative Framework with Southeast Asian Countries

28. Temporal conclusion • To admit identity is not limited to only one. • In order to enhanse cohesion among East Asian people we have to recognise activities based upon issue-oriented identity. • To share the same taxonomy and unit in Asia. • To admit small social unit and invisible social unit as a regional actor, including this conference.

29. Thank you very much, indeed!