Performing Media: Instruments, Voices, and Ensembles

1. Performing Media: Instruments, Voices, and Ensembles Basic components: Energy source -air 2. Vibrating element -vocal cords, lips, reed(s) Resonating chamber -Oral cavity, wood tube, metal tube, etc.

2. (Air) Energy Source (Vocal cords) Vibrating element (Oral cavity) Resonating chamber (Waves) Air (Ear) Ear canals

3. Six Instruments Categories: Woodwind Brass Percussion Keyboard String Electronic Instrumental Performing Media Timbre – the quality of the tone

6. Flute Piccolo Oboe English Horn Clarinet Bassoon Saxophone Woodwind

7. Trumpet French Horn Trombone Baritone Horn Tuba Brass

8. Violin Viola Cello Double Bass Harp Guitar Mandolin Banjo String

9. Percussion Cymbals Snare drums Bass drum Timpani Marimba

10. Keyboard Piano Forte Harpsichord Organ Celesta Electronic Synthesizer

11. The Orchestra and its Instruments

12. How the Orchestra Developed? Before 1700 – Chamber ensembles 1607 – Claudio Monteverdi set up the first orchestra of around 40 musicians to accompany his Opera Orfeo. 1650-1700 – breakthrough in the construction of string instruments.

13. How the Orchestra Developed? String instrument makers: Nicolo Amati (1596-1684) Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737) Giuseppe Bartolomeo Guarneri (1698- 1744) Virtuoso Performers – solo performers with exceptional technical ability.

14. Chamber Orchestra – String instruments, few winds, and harpsichord (10-20 players)

15. Joseph Haydn’s Orchestra – added a pair of kettledrums (similar to Timpani) Ludwig van Beethoven’s Orchestra

17. 1800’s Orchestra Added Instruments: Tuba English Horn Saxophone Contrabassoon *Brass valves (1830’s) and Woodwind Keys (1832) By Theobald Boehm

18. 1913 Virtouso Orchestra – 110-115 instrumentalist 20th Century Wind Ensemble Concert Bands, Symphonic Bands, Wind Orchestras, Wind Bands

19. Quiz (Instruments)

20. Human Voice