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Week 8: Euteleostei Neoteleostei

Week 8: Euteleostei Neoteleostei. Fishes to date ~ mostly freshwater, anadromous, surface waters. epipelagic < 200 m. Chondrichthyes. counter-shading horizontal migrations. Chondrichthyes. bathypelagic > 1500 m. deep gulper shark off Bermuda. dark in color adapted to low light

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Week 8: Euteleostei Neoteleostei

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  1. Week 8: Euteleostei Neoteleostei

  2. Fishes to date ~ mostly freshwater, anadromous, surface waters...

  3. epipelagic < 200 m Chondrichthyes counter-shading horizontal migrations

  4. Chondrichthyes bathypelagic > 1500 m deep gulper shark off Bermuda dark in color adapted to low light vertical migrations deepwater frill shark discovered late 19th C

  5. epipelagic < 200 m Elopomorpha silver freshwater to saltwater migrations

  6. bathypelagic > 1500 m Elopomorpha Saccopharynx lavenbergi black with luminescence inactive and opportunistic

  7. Next Fishes ~ mostly marine, surface to deep neoteleosts = “new teleosts”

  8. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS Marine: 70% surface area 97% volume Freshwater: 1% surface area 0.01% volume

  9. deep sea < 1000 m View: 2D 3D

  10. PELAGIC epipelagic (upper) 0-200 m mesopelagic (middle) 200-1500 m BENTHIC bathypelagic (deep) >1500 m benthopelagic

  11. neoteleosts a, b: lanternfishes c, d: sea basses e: ophidiiform f: squirrelfish

  12. Protacanthopterygii Acanthopterygii early neoteleosts field trip emphasis 5th Ed. only: 10. s/b Batrachoidiformes

  13. epipelagic bathypelagic larval scalloped ribbonfish Zu cristatus 23 ft. oarfish Lampridiformes

  14. mesopelagic Myctophidae lanternfish Myctophum Myctophiformes

  15. vertical migration luminescence luciferin luciferase oxygen “cold” light

  16. luminescence bacteria~biological fish ~chemical Myctophiformes unidentified lanternfish Stomiiformes saber-toothed viperfish Chauliodus sloani

  17. Benthosema fibulatum photophores species-specific sex-specific Gonichthys

  18. most numerous vertebrates ~billions bristlemouth Gonostomatidae Gonostoma denudatum sequential hermaphrodite male to female (~moray eels)

  19. mesopelagic to bathypelagic Stomiiformes

  20. photophores mimic sunlight hatchetfish Sternoptychidae Sternoptyx diaphana ventral photophores

  21. tubular eyes Argyropelecus hemigymnus

  22. overlapping teeth extendable jaws Stomiidae saber-toothed viperfish Chauliodus sloani

  23. viperfish Chauliodus

  24. multiple colored photophores

  25. bioluminescent barbels snaggletooth Astronesthes gemmifer

  26. snaggletooth Astronesthes gemmifer GAS BLADDER physoclistous = closed to mouth

  27. Stomiidae dragonfishes

  28. Stomiidae black dragonfish Idiacanthus niger

  29. snaggletooth dragonfish ~ 3,000 m

  30. extreme sexual dimorphism males: non-feeding parasites ~larval stage (stalked eyes are absorbed)

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