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CS116 Introduction to Computer Science I Lecture 1 (Extra) Introduction to Computer Systems

CS116 Introduction to Computer Science I Lecture 1 (Extra) Introduction to Computer Systems. Instructor: Li Ma Department of Computer Science Texas Southern University, Houston. August, 2011. Computer Systems. Computer is a programmable electronic device

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CS116 Introduction to Computer Science I Lecture 1 (Extra) Introduction to Computer Systems

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  1. CS116Introduction to Computer Science ILecture 1 (Extra) Introduction to Computer Systems Instructor: Li Ma Department of Computer Science Texas Southern University, Houston August, 2011

  2. Computer Systems • Computer is a programmable electronic device • Computer has 4 basic computing functions • Input • Processing • Output • Storage • Types of Computers • Supercomputer: large and powerful • Mainframe computer: multitasking • Minicomputer: for medium-sized business • Microcomputer: desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) by Li Ma

  3. Hardware of Computer Systems • Motherboard: the primary printed circuit board in a PC • All the other circuit boards in the computer are connected to motherboard • CPU • RAM chips • Expansion cards • Processor and coprocessor sockets • Memory sockets • Serial and parallel ports • Peripheral controllers • System bus by Li Ma

  4. Hardware of Computer Systems (cont’) • The central processing unit (CPU) • Fetch instructions, follow the instructions, and produce some results • Control unit • Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) • Main memory (Random-access memory, RAM) • It holds the sequences of instructions in the programs that are running and the data those programs are using • It is a volatile type of memory, used only for temporary storage • Data will be lost when power is off by Li Ma

  5. Hardware of Computer Systems (cont’) • Secondary storage devices • Type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time • Disk drives: hard disk, floppy disk, Zip disk, etc. • Optical devices: compact disk (CD) • Flash drives: or thumb drives, directly plug to USB port • Input devices • keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, and digital camera • Output devices • printer, monitor, and speaker • secondary storage devices by Li Ma

  6. Hardware of Computer Systems (cont’) • Others • Modem: a communication device • Video Card: an expansion card, responsible for transforming graphics and text signals onto the monitor • Power Supply: responsible for converting the standard power into an energy form that your computer can use • System Buses: channels over which information flows between two or more devices by Li Ma

  7. Software of Computer Systems • Software refers to the programs that run on a computer, there are two categories: • Operating System (OS): interface between hardware and software • DOS: Disk Operating System • Windows • Unix • Linux: portable Unix • Macintosh • Application software: developed by users, for some specific purpose by Li Ma

  8. MS-DOS • A set of programs that allows users to interact with a computer • Once you turn on the computer, it will be loaded • It has a command-line interface • File and Directory Structure • Tree-like • Nodes: directories and files • Windows 95 folded DOS into GUI (Graphical User Interface) • Friendly interface • Easier to operate by Li Ma

  9. Windows • Windows 95 • First truly combined the operating system and GUI for the Intel-based computers • Windows 98 • Logical extension of Windows 95 • More efficient • Integrates World Wide Web (WWW) capabilities into the operating system • Newer version of Windows • Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, … by Li Ma

  10. Windows (cont’) • Icons and Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) • A software program that allows you to communicate with your computer by using a pointing device like mouse. • Application Suites in Windows • Microsoft visual studio • Microsoft office • Internet Explorer, Etc. by Li Ma

  11. Windows XP • Windows refers to the operating system that runs the PC or PC-compatible computers • It is loaded once you turn on the computer • Desktop: the basic screen on which Windows and application run • Taskbar, Shortcut icons, Start button, Quick-Launch toolbar, System tray, Mouse pointer • A window is a rectangle area for some certain application • It can be opened and closed • It can also be resized, moved, and reduced to a button (to the task bar) by Li Ma

  12. Windows XP (cont’) • File and Directory Structure • Like file cabinets: files and folders • My Computer: view your disks, folders and files • Create a new folder • Copy, move, rename, and delete files • Find files and folders • Compress (or zip) files by Li Ma

  13. Microsoft Office • A set of powerful applications (or a suite) that has been designed to work together • Share data to combine text, chart & database information in one document • Word: word processing • Excel: electronic spreadsheet manipulation • PowerPoint: making presentation materials • Access: manipulating databases • FrontPage: developing web pages • Outlook: tracking the schedule, checking email by Li Ma

  14. Microsoft Office(cont’) • Web aware • All applications can be used to access or generate HTML document • Starting an office application • Double-click the icon on the desktop (shortcut) • Invoke the Start, Programs command sequence • Open an associated file • Office Assistant • Very useful to new user by Li Ma

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