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Humanistic/Phenomenological Approaches to Personality

Humanistic/Phenomenological Approaches to Personality. Phenomenal Field – the unique way that a person perceives the world; subjective experiences Humanistic – recognizes inherent human potential and tendency toward growth “third force” (behind psychanalysis & behaviorism).

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Humanistic/Phenomenological Approaches to Personality

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  1. Humanistic/Phenomenological Approaches to Personality Phenomenal Field – the unique way that a person perceives the world; subjective experiences Humanistic – recognizes inherent human potential and tendency toward growth “third force” (behind psychanalysis & behaviorism)

  2. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) • Human behavior is rational • “man’s nature is essentially positive” • Free will • Importance of the self

  3. Structure of Personality • Self • Primarily conscious • Develops gradually • Ideal self/actual self

  4. Process of personality Actualization • Self-actualization • Fully functioning individual • Way of functioning rather than a type of person • Need for positive regard • need for acceptance, love, and approval from others • Unconditional positive regard • Conditions of worth • Positive self-regard • Incongruence/congruence (self-consistency) • Causes anxiety

  5. In-class assignment Explain the relationship between conditional positive regard and conditions of worth in your own words. Explain why Rogers often considered conditions of worth to be unhealthy.

  6. Eric Fromm: Love • Allows us to find meaning in life • Allow us to overcome isolation • Need a fully developed personality We often feel alienated. Try to have “have fun” to fill void. Need to re-connect with people, help others, be loving.

  7. Growth & Development • Major developmental concern • Emphasis on parent-child relationships • Reflected appraisal • Personality can change (through psychotherapy or loving relationships)

  8. Coopersmith (1967) Looked at origins of self-esteem Three major factors: • Degree of acceptance • Permissiveness and punishment • Rights/respect for children

  9. Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Dweck, 1991, 1999 • Entity (fixed) vs. incremental (malleable) traits • Performance goals vs. learning goals • Child entity theorists: self-worth • Child incremental theorists: self-worth

  10. Assessment • How to measure the self-concept?? • Q-sort technnique • Large set of items • “I am intelligent” • “I often feel guilty” • “I am an impulsive person” • Sort cards into piles of most like me and least like me and other gradations • Sort further • Can compare ideal self to actual self

  11. Assessment Implici https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/demo/t Association Test

  12. Assessment Implicit Association Test Implicit Association Test Link https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/demo/

  13. Psychopathology and Behavior Change • Absence of congruity • Focus on conditions of worth • Person centered therapy • Crucial condition: unconditional positive regard • Client-centered • Therapist must be • Empathic • Congruent • Provide unconditional positive regard • Therapist is nondirective and nonevaluative

  14. Person-centered therapy cont’ Techniques: • clarification of feelings • Restatement of content

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