1 / 73

Introduction to the Neutrino Factory

Introduction to the Neutrino Factory. Simone Gilardoni DPNC - Université de Genève CERN - AB/ABP Division. Neutrino oscillation. Observation: n into another n of different flavour Results: NEUTRINOS HAVE MASS MASS STATES  FLAVOUR STATES. Parameters: 3 masses

hollye
Download Presentation

Introduction to the Neutrino Factory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to the Neutrino Factory Simone Gilardoni DPNC - Université de Genève CERN - AB/ABP Division Simone Gilardoni

  2. Neutrino oscillation Observation:n into another nof different flavour Results: NEUTRINOS HAVE MASS MASS STATES FLAVOUR STATES Parameters: • 3 masses • Two Dm2 differences • Three mixing angles • One delta phase Simone Gilardoni

  3. Neutrino Oscillations Mixing described by For 3-flavour eigenstates U is Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS): 6 parameters:3 mixing angles - θ23,θ12 and θ13 CP-violation angle - δ 2 mass differences - Δm223 and Δm212 Transition probability: Simone Gilardoni

  4. Three family oscillation Atmospheric Neutrinos SolarNeutrinos Phase d CP • Super-K atm. • P(nm nm) • Maximalmixing • Dm2 3 10-3 eV2 • L/E = 1 GeV/500 km • SNO • P(ne nx) • Large Mixing (LMA) • Kamland • L/E  MeV/1.5 1011m • Limit from CHOOZ • Goal of next generation of neutrino-beam • If q13 is zero, IMPOSSIBLE to observe CP violation Simone Gilardoni

  5. Two friends for Nufact Kamland:nedisappearance from Nuclear Reactor LMA solution for solar neutrinos SNO: D2O detectorNon-ne flux in solar neutrinos Simone Gilardoni

  6. THE last results The LMA solution for solar neutrinos is confirmed The L/E oscillation pattern is confirmed G.Fogli et al., PR D66, 010001-406,(2002) Simone Gilardoni

  7. B.Kaiser Simone Gilardoni

  8. Road Map • Experiments to look for 13 • Look for nmne in nm beam (ICARUS, MINOS) • Off-axis beam (JHF-SK, off axis NUMI) • Low energy SuperBeams • Experiments to look for CP/T violation or for 13 (if too small) • Beta-beams (combined with SuperBeam) • Neutrino Factory Simone Gilardoni

  9. Sensitivity of Nufact 5o 0.1o 1o 2.5o 13o Simone Gilardoni

  10. JHF ready in 2007 (0.77MW) JAERI@Tokai-mura (60km N.E. of KEK) Super Conducting magnet for n beam line Construction 2001～2006 (approved) Near n detectors @280m and @~2km 1021POT(130day)≡ “1 year” Simone Gilardoni

  11. Far Detectors 1st Phase (2007~, ≥5yrs) Super-Kamiokande(22.5kt) 2nd Phase (201x~?) Hyper-Kamiokande(~1Mt) 48m × 50m ×500m, Total mass = 1 Mton Simone Gilardoni

  12. Proposal for a CERN - Super Beam Simone Gilardoni

  13. Nufact CERN layout Simone Gilardoni

  14. Nufact FAQ • Why neutrinos from stored muons: • Pure nm, ne beam • Switching the helicity by switching the muon sign • Hope for a muon collider (may be… one day…) • Why high energy ? • High cross section neutrino interaction • Small E/L (50GeV/3500 km) • Why so many neutrinos? • Is there someone that can do better before? • See the roadmap Simone Gilardoni

  15. Beam Composition Nufact Beam WANF Beam The scales are different ! Simone Gilardoni

  16. Energy and flux specs NuFact near detector 1020  decay/year4.0 106n CC evt. 1.7 106 n CC evt. per kg-year Minos near detector 3.7 1020 pot/year2.5 106n CC evt. 0.6 106n CC evt. per ton-year Physics at far detector Simone Gilardoni

  17. The Holy Grail: any leptonic CP violation? CP is observable IF: • sin2q12 and Dm212 are large (LMA) and sin2q13 small (but not too small…) • Appearance experiment: P(em) • P(ee) is T invariant CP is conserved(CP not observable from solar or reactor neutrinos) Simone Gilardoni

  18. Physics at a Nufact • Measure q13 via P(nenm) with a precision of 10-3 or setting a limit to 10-6 • Determine via MSW the sign of Dm2 • Discover and measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector (phase d) P(nenm)P(nenm) Need of high energy ne: m+e++ ne+ nm Simone Gilardoni

  19. 1016p/s m+ e++ nm +ne Oscillation nmm+ 0.9 1021 m/yr nmm- 3 1020 ne/yr 3 1020 nm/yr Wrong Sign muons Simone Gilardoni

  20. SPL @ 2.2 GeV Superconducting Proton Linac • High Power • LINAC @ 4 MW • Rep. Rate 50 Hz • 2.27 1014 p/pulse spaced by 22.7 nsec (44 MHz) • Accumulator ring to reduce the pulse length • CERN interested at least in the low energy part forthe LHC upgrade and the improvement of CNGS Simone Gilardoni

  21. Accumulator and Compressor • Accumulator • Macrobunch with internal 23 ns structure (44 MHz) MUON BUNCHES KEEP THIS STRUCTURE • Macrobunch Rep. rate: 20 ms (50 Hz) • Compressor • Microbunch length reduction to from 3.5 ns to 1 ns • Time spread dueto Pion decay  1 ns Simone Gilardoni

  22. PDAC time scheme 44 MHz structure 50 Hz Simone Gilardoni

  23. Proposed site Old ISR tunnel, site of accumulator + bunch compressor Radius = 50 m Simone Gilardoni

  24. Target Nufact • Target: • Mercury: Z = 80  short target Liquid  easy to replace (v// 20 m/s) • Dimensions: L  30 cm, R  1 cm •  4 MW of proton into a pint of beer 4 MW= 40000  Simone Gilardoni

  25. Target experiment Experiments @BNL and @CERN • Measurements of Hg explosion speed • Speed of protons >> Speed of sound • Maximum v 20 m/s • v// 3 m/s 1 cm Protons Simone Gilardoni

  26. Jet test a BNL E-951 Event #1125th April 2001 Protons Picture timing [ms] 0.00 0.75 4.50 13.00 P-bunch: 2.71012 ppb 100 ns to = ~ 0.45 ms Hg- jet : diameter 1.2 cm jet-velocity 2.5 m/s perp. velocity ~ 5 m/s K. Mc Donald, H. Kirk, A. Fabich Simone Gilardoni

  27. The Harp experiment Hadron production cross section measurement Simone Gilardoni

  28. Protons 12 GeV Be target Front view Top view Side view Simone Gilardoni

  29. Magnetic horn Current of 300 kA p To decay channel Protons B = 0 Hg Target B1/R Simone Gilardoni

  30. First piece of Nufact Merci à l’ atelier du CERN Simone Gilardoni

  31. Decay channel Solenoid B=1.8 T, L=30 m “Life Time”  18 m @ p=400 MeV/c Geometry • Huge Energy spread • Huge velocity spread • LEP sE/E 10-3 • NF sE/E 2 • Debunching • Beam type • b  0.8 • E-t correlation 30 m Energy(GeV) m p Time (arb.) Energy spread reduction needed Simone Gilardoni

  32. Nufact CERN layout Simone Gilardoni

  33. What is a “Phase Rotation”? • Aim:Reducing the energy spread of a non-relativistic beam • How: series of RF cavities that • - accelerates low-energy particles • - decelerates high-energy particles Simone Gilardoni

  34. Phase rotation example 100  E  300 MeV E = 200  50 MeV MeV 300 200 100 time 30 RF cavities:  2 MV/m 44 MHz L = 1 m  B = 1.8 T Simone Gilardoni

  35. 88 MHz cavity prototype Simone Gilardoni

  36. Cooling: the problem(transverse phase space) Accelerato • Problem: m Beam pipe radius of storage ring P or x’ and x reduction needed:COOLING Accelerator acceptance R  10 cm, x’  0.05 rad rescaled @ 200 MeV p and mafter focusing Simone Gilardoni

  37. Ionization Cooling : the principle Liquid H2:dE/dx sol H2 rf Beam sol RF restoresonly P//: E constant Simone Gilardoni

  38. Cooling : the channel 1) Cooling I: x’ reduction 3)Cooling II: x’ reduction ‘ Cooling works best with high x’ 2) Focusing: a) Needed whenx’ reduction comparablewith multiple scattering b) same rotation center for the spiral motion. (Rematching) Heating term H2 has X0= 8.9 m Simone Gilardoni

  39. Cooling: the results IN OUT Results:phase space density increased by 16 (Cooling rate for MICE: 16%) Simone Gilardoni

  40. Channel engineering design Simone Gilardoni

  41. MICE: Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment Proposal to be submitted to RAL before end of the year Simone Gilardoni

  42. Accelerator and Particle physics together Example of cooling TPG Tracker SciFi Tracker Simone Gilardoni

  43. Mice roadmap (at RAL?) m - STEP I: 2004 STEP II: summer 2005 STEP III: winter 2006 STEP IV: spring 2006 STEP V: fall 2006 STEP VI: 2007 Simone Gilardoni

  44. Nufact CERN layout Simone Gilardoni

  45. Storage ring • Two straight sections pointing to two detectors • Two possible shapes • triangle • bow tie • Lattice design for beam divergencex’=1/10bg n beam divergence dominated bym decay  q=1/bg=mm/pm= 2mrad (@ 50 GeV) •  25% useful decays per direction Simone Gilardoni

  46. Technical problems Could you imagine a screw driver falling down from here? 14 Simone Gilardoni

  47. Nufact CERN layout Simone Gilardoni

  48. Around Europe... • First possible location: Gran Sasso 732 km • Second location: 3500 km away bestCandidates: Svalbards (Norway) Gran Canaria (Spain) Simone Gilardoni

  49. Where do you prefer to take shifts? Simone Gilardoni

  50. Why two locations? • Fit of q13 and d a the same time • No sensitivity at 732 km • Better to combine with 2810 km From P. Hernandez Simone Gilardoni

More Related