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Motion of Objects

Motion of Objects. Motion, Speed, and Velocity. Vocabulary for Motion. motion speed v elocity d istance displacement * acceleration momentum*. reference point negative acceleration* positive acceleration* instantaneous speed average speed c onstant speed*. Motion.

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Motion of Objects

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  1. Motion of Objects • Motion, Speed, and Velocity

  2. Vocabulary for Motion • motion • speed • velocity • distance • displacement * • acceleration • momentum* • reference point • negative acceleration* • positive acceleration* • instantaneous speed • average speed • constant speed*

  3. Motion • motion is any change in location • In order to tell if the location has changed, you must use a reference point - a location that is chosen to represent motion • When something is moving relative to a reference point, its position relative to the reference point is changing. You can always choose a reference point depending on the motion of the object you want to describe. • cars • clouds See pg. 303 and Let’s Demonstrate!

  4. Distance and Time • Time is the amount of period that has elapsed. • Distance is the length of the path between two points. • To be able to calculate the distance of two objects, we need to think of the displacement between them. • Displacement refers to the difference between two points. If an object make a complete circle there is no displacement because they have ended in the same place that they started. However, if an object travels in a straight line, the total distance traveled would then be its displacement.

  5. Motion and SI Unit of Measurement To describe motion completely, we must be able to measure using the International System of Units:

  6. Motion and SI (cont.) International System of Units Conversions: K ilo (1,000) H ecto (100) D eka (10) d eci (0.1) c enti (0.01) m illi (0.001) meter – measures distance liter – measures liquid capacity grams - measures mass and weight (1) m,l,g

  7. Let’s put SI to practice…(distance) 5 cm = _________ mm _______ mm = 5 Km .10 dm = ________ Hm _______ cm = 2 Dm 5 Km = _________ m _______ Hm = .3 cm 8 dm = ________ Dm _______ cm = 8 Km

  8. Speed and Velocity • The speed of an object is the distance the object moves per unit of time, while velocity is the speed of an object and its direction of motion. • In order to calculate the speed of an object we must use the following formula which calculates the distance traveled divided by the time it takes to travel that distance • EX: V = d / t ,

  9. Calculating speed, distance, or time Remember, V = D/T, d= v*t, and t=d/v • Let’s Practice! • If a bicycle travels a total distance of 12 m in 4 s. What is its average speed? • How fast does a rabbit run in 10 s, if he’s traveled 50m? • A sprinter who has an average speed of 10 m/s runs a total of 50 m, how long has he been running for? • What if an airplane travels at 450 km/h in a time of 3hrs., how far has it traveled? Let’s put our practice to work!

  10. Calculating Velocity Remember, velocityis the speed of an object and its direction of motion. EX: If you were walking N at a speed of 2m/s, your velocity would be 2 m/s N. EX2: If you are walking east at the same speed, your velocity would then be 2 m/s E. • Your velocity can change whether you change your speed or your direction!! Let’s Practice on pg. 311!

  11. Additional Voc. Review • momentum - the product of the mass (always in an SI unit) and velocity of an object (p = mv) Calculate the momentum of a 11.35kg wagon rolling down a hill at 2 km/h N • constant speed – speed that does not change and stays at the same rate • Instantaneous speed – speed at a given instance in time

  12. Graphing Motion • You can show the motion of an object on a line graph by plotting distance versus time. • Graphing the motion of an object allows you to interpret the slope so that you can see how fast one variable changes in relation to the other variables in the graph. • In order to calculate a slope you must follow the following formula: Slope = Rise/Run

  13. Graphing Practice (see pgs. 312-313)

  14. Acceleration • Acceleration is any change in velocity. Therefore, if either speed or direction changes, so does the acceleration of the object. See pg. 315 pictures as examples Formula: Change in velocity (Vf – Vi) _________________ Time Let’s Practice! pgs. 316 and 317

  15. Additional Vocabulary Review • Remember, acceleration is any change in velocity, that means an object is either increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing direction. • Keeping this in mind, we must understand then, that positive acceleration can be any change in direction but with increasing velocity (speed is increasing). • On the other hand, negative acceleration is the opposite as it refers to either a negative change in direction with a decreasing velocity (speed is decreasing).

  16. Graphing Acceleration (see pgs. 318-319)You can use both a speed-versus-time graph and a distance-versus-time graph to analyze the motion of an accelerating object.

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