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New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos: Extra Dimensions and Black Holes

New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos: Extra Dimensions and Black Holes. Jonathan Feng UC Irvine 1 st ANITA Collaboration Meeting, UCI 24 November 2002. UHE Neutrinos. Probe astrophysical sources, given standard model n interactions

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New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos: Extra Dimensions and Black Holes

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  1. New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos:Extra Dimensions and Black Holes Jonathan Feng UC Irvine 1st ANITA Collaboration Meeting, UCI 24 November 2002

  2. UHE Neutrinos • Probe astrophysical sources, given standard model n interactions • Probe new fundamental physics, given standard cosmogenic source nN  Black Hole is the largest, most robust interaction predicted by extra dimensions ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  3. The Standard Model • Where’s gravity? • Many deep problems, but one obvious one: For protons, gravity is 10-36 times weaker. • Equal for mproton = mPlanck ~ 1018 GeV, energies far beyond experiment. ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  4. EM Strength gravity r Gravity Is Weak ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  5. Garden Hose Extra Dimensions • Suppose photons are confined to D=4, but gravity propagates in n extra dimensions of size L: For r>>L, Fgravity ~ 1/r2 For r<<L, Fgravity ~ 1/r2+n ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  6. EM Strength gravity r Gravity Becomes Stronger … 1/mstrong ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  7. Strong Gravity at the Electroweak Scale • Suppose mstrong is 1 TeV, the electroweak unification scale • The number of extra dims n then fixes L • n=1 excluded by solar system, but n=2, 3,… are allowed by tests of Newtonian gravity ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  8. Probing Extra Dimensions • Modifications of Newtonian gravity at sub-mm scales • Kaluza-Klein graviton effects at colliders, in supernovae, etc. • … • Microscopic black hole production ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  9. BHs from Particle Collisions • BH creation requires ECOM > mstrong (Unique feature: robust and generic for high energies!) • In 4D, mstrong ~ 1018 GeV, far above accessible energies ~ TeV • But with extra dimensions, mstrong ~ TeV is possible, can create micro black holes in elementary particle collisions! ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  10. Black Holes at Colliders • BH created when two particles of high enough energy pass within Schwarzschild radius • LHC: ECOM = 14 TeV pp BH + X • Find as many as 1 BH produced per second Dimopoulos, Landsberg (2001) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  11. g g Micro Black Hole Properties Classically: Stable Quantum mechanically: decay through Hawking evaporation • Lifetime t ~ M3: MBH ~ Msun forever MBH ~ TeV  10-27 s • Temperature TH ~ 1/M: MBH ~ Msun TH ~ 0.01 K  photons MBH ~ TeV  TH ~ 100 GeV  q, g, e, m, t, n, g, W, Z, h, Gmn ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  12. Collider Signature • Multiplicity ~ 10-50 • Hadron:lepton = 5:1 • Spherical events with leptons, many jets De Roeck (2002) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  13. Black Holes from Cosmic Rays • Cosmic rays – the high energy frontier • Observed events with 1019 eV  ECOM ~ 100 TeV • But meager fluxes! Can we harness this energy? Kampert, Swordy (2001) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  14. Cosmic Neutrinos One Approach: • Cosmic rays create ultra-high energy neutrinos: • n BH gives inclined showers starting deep in the atmosphere Feng, Shapere (2001) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  15. Deep Inclined Showers ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  16. Cosmic Ray Black Holes Lower Bounds for 1 to 7 Extra Dimensions • Cosmogenic flux yields a few black holes every minute somewhere in the Earth’s atmosphere • Current bounds from Fly’s Eye and AGASA comparable to or better than all known bounds (Tevatron, etc.) n=7 Mstrong(TeV) n=1 Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2002) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  17. Auger Observatory • Auger could detect ~100 black holes per year • Provides first chance to see black holes from extra dimensions Mstrong(TeV) Feng, Shapere (2001) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  18. Other Cosmic BH Work • Auger, AGASA [Feng, Shapere (2001), Anchordoqui, Goldberg (2001), Emparan, Masip, Rattazzi (2001), Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg (2002)] • Fly’s Eye/HiRes [Ringwald, Tu (2001), Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2001)] • AMANDA, IceCube [Uehara (2001), Kowalski, Ringwald, Tu (2002), Alvarez-Muniz, Feng, Halzen, Han, Hooper (2002), Friess, Han, Hooper (2002)] • RICE [McKay, et al. (2002)] • EUSO/OWL [Iyer Dutta, Reno, Sarcevic (2002)] • p-Branes, Warped Scenarios [Alvarez-Muniz, Halzen, Han, Hooper (2001), Ahn, Cavaglia, Olinto (2002), Jain, Kar, Panda, Ralston (2002), Anchordoqui, Goldberg, Shapere (2002), Han, Kribs, McElrath (2002), …] • ANITA? ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  19. What You Could Do With A Black Hole If You Made One • Discover extra dimensions • Test Hawking evaporation, BH properties • Explore last stages of BH evaporation, quantum gravity, information loss problem • …… ANITA Collaboration Meeting

  20. Conclusions • Gravity is either intrinsically weak or is strong but diluted by extra dimensions • If gravity is strong at 1 TeV, extra dimensions will be discovered through black holes from cosmic rays Mstrong(TeV) Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2001) ANITA Collaboration Meeting

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