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Psychological Research

Psychological Research. Inductive Thinking. Reasoning from particular instances to a general rule. For instance, you would find a common principle without testing every possible scenario. Deductive Thinking. Applying general theories to specific situations.

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Psychological Research

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  1. Psychological Research

  2. Inductive Thinking Reasoning from particular instances to a general rule. For instance, you would find a common principle without testing every possible scenario.

  3. Deductive Thinking Applying general theories to specific situations.

  4. Scientific Attitudes and Values • Rely on careful observations • Quantify results whenever possible • Rely on verification or duplication of results by other scientists. • Recognize that results are tentative and based on probability. • Being skeptical about conclusions.

  5. What about personal bias? Bias- Any condition or set of conditions that distorts data. 3 ways to avoid bias: • Being aware of your bias • Having others review your work • Selecting methods that disguise the identities of the participants

  6. The Scientific Method • Ask a question: Questions may come from experience, previous psychological theory, common beliefs, etc. • Form a hypothesis: Make a statement that answers the question. For example: “Gender affects behavior.” • Test the hypothesis: Select a method, participants and determine data to be collected, observe and collect data, and organize the data. • Analyze the data: determine what the data mean in terms of the truth or falsity of the hypothesis • Draw a conclusion: According to the data, is the hypothesis true or false?

  7. Experimental Group • The group that experiences experimental treatment. Example: If one group of kids in a children’s hospital are exposed to clowns (a stimulus) that do magic to make them happy and the other group is not to measure if exposure to happy moments help with healing the experimental group is the group exposed to the clowns.

  8. Control Group • Control Group- Those that are not exposed to a “stimulus” Example: If one group of kids in a children’s hospital are exposed to clowns (a stimulus) that do magic to make them happy and the other group is not to measure if exposure to happy moments help with healing the control group is the group not exposed to clowns.

  9. Independent Variable • The aspect of an experimental situation manipulated. Page 25 in textbook: Do Smoking and Driving mix? Independent Variable-Use of Nicotine

  10. Dependent Variable • Dependent Variable-A variable that an experimenter predicts will be affected by manipulations of the independent variable. Page 25 in textbook: Do Smoking and Driving mix? Dependent Variable-Subject’s behavior depends on what experimenter does

  11. True or False If true repeat or duplicate the experiment or have someone else try to duplicate your results. If false, restate the hypothesis or redesign the experiment.

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