BASIC RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP

BASIC RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP Instructor Name

TASK Conduct Basic Rifle Marksmanship Training prior to scheduled zero and qualification range. Given a classroom environment, a knowledgeable instructor and highly motivated soldiers, ready to receive BRM instruction. To have a full understanding of the basic rifle marksmanship techniques and marksmanship fundamentals and employ them during the practical exercises and the qualification range. CONDITIONS STANDARDS

M4 RIFLE SYSTEM Consists of a Rifle, a Magazine, and a sling. It is a lightweight, gas operated, air cooled, magazine fed, semi-automatic and burst rate, shoulder fired weapon with a collapsible stock.

M4 SPECIFICATIONS Caliber: 5.56 mm Muzzle Velocity: 2,970 fps Weight: W/30 round magazine 7.5 lbs Cyclic Rate of Fire: 700-900 rpm (approx.) Max Effective Range: 500M (Point)- 600M (Area) Max Range: 3600MLength: 29.75” to 33” Barrel Rifling: RH 1/7” twist

CLEAR THE WEAPON 1. Place the Weapon on SAFE 2. Remove the Magazine 3. Lock the Bolt Open 4. Check the Ejection Port and Chamber for ammo 5. With Selector Lever on SAFE, let the bolt go forward

DISASSEMBLY 1. Clear your weapon. 2. Remove sling. CAUTION Do not use a screwdriver or any other tool when removing the handguards. Doing so may damage the handguard and/or slip ring. 3. Place the weapon on the buttstock and press down on the slip ring with both hands. 4. Have another a person pull the handguards free (the ‘Buddy System").

DISASSEMBLY • Install the hand guards using the same system. • CAUTION • Only use hand pressure to disengage the pivot and takedown pins. Force other than hand pressure may cause damage to the weapon and replacement of the weapon would be required. Only push the pivot and takedown pins far enough to disengage the upper receiver from the lower receiver. • Push takedown pin as far as it will go. Pivot upper receiver from lower receiver.

DISASSEMBLY 7. Push receiver pivot pin as far as it will go. 8. Separate upper and lower receivers. CAUTION Do not fully remove the round nuts from the threaded studs. The threaded studs are flared on the end to prohibit removal. However, if the nuts are inadvertently removed, they may be reinstalled. 9. If your weapon is equipped with a removable carrying handle assembly, loosen the round nuts on the left side of the carrying handle, approximately 4 turns. Loosen the clamping bar from the left side of the upper receiver and Iift off the carrying handle assembly.

DISASSEMBLY 11. Remove bolt carrier and bolt. 10. Pull back charging handle and bolt carrier.

DISASSEMBLY 13. Remove firing pin retaining pin. 12. Remove charging handle.

DISASSEMBLY 14. Push in bolt assembly to locked 15. Drop firing pin out rear of bolt carrier.

DISASSEMBLY 17. Remove bolt assembly from carrier. 16. Remove bolt cam pin.

DISASSEMBLY 18. Remove extractor pin. NOTE Do not separate spring assembly from extractor. 19. Remove extractor and spring assembly.

DISASSEMBLY 20. Press in buffer, depress retainer, and release buffer. 21. Remove buffer and action spring

DISASSEMBLY 22. CARBINE ONLY Fully extend butt stock assembly. 23. Grasp the lock release lever in the area of the retaining nut, pull downward, and slide buttstock to the rear to separate the buttstock assembly from the lower receiver extension.

CLEANING Upper Receiver All areas of powder fouling, corrosion, dirt, and rust. Bore and chamber Locking Lugs Gas tube Bolt Carrier Group Outer and inner surfaces Carrier Key Firing pin and recess Locking lugs and bolt Lower Receiver Group All areas of powder fouling, corrosion and dirt. Wipe dirt from trigger mechanism Clean buffer, buffer spring and inside lower receiver extension Ejector

INSPECT 1. Inspect hand guards (1) for cracks, broken front or rear tabs and loose heat shields. 2. Inspect front sight post (2) for straightness and check depression of the front detent. 3. Inspect compensator (3) for looseness. 4. Inspect barrel (4) for straightness, cracks or burrs. 5. Inspect charging handle (5) for cracks bends or breaks. 6. Inspect rear sight assembly (6) for the capability to adjust windage and elevation and the spring should retain the short range or long range sight in position. 7. Inspect gas tube (7) for bends or retention to barrel. UPPER RECEIVER AND BARREL ASSEMBLY

BOLT AND BOLT CARRIER ASSEMBLY INSPECT 1. Inspect bolt cam pin (1) for cracking or chipping. 2. Inspect firing pin (2) for bends, cracks or sharp or blunted tip. 3. Inspect for missing or broken gas rings (3). 4. lnspect bolt cam pin area (4) for cracking or chipping. 5. Inspect locking lugs (5) for cracking or chipping. Inspect bolt face (6) for excessive pitting. 6. Inspect extractor assembly (7) for missing extractor spring assembly with insert and for chipped or broken edges on the lip which engages the cartridge rim. 7. Inspect firing pin retaining pin (8) to determine if bent or badly worn. 8. Inspect bolt carrier for loose bolt carrier key (9). 9. Inspect for cracking or chipping in cam pin hole area (10).

INSPECT LOWER RECIEVER AND BUTTSTOCK ASSEMBLY 1. Inspect buffer (1) for cracks or damage. 2. Inspect buffer spring (2) for kinks. 3. Inspect buttstock (3) for broken butt plate or cracks. 4. Inspect for bent or broken selector lever (4). 5. Inspect rifle grips (5) for cracks or damage. 6. Inspect for broken or bent trigger (6). 7. Visually inspect the inside parts of the lower receiver (7) for broken or missing parts.

LUBRICATE LIGHTLY LUBE - Barely Visible to the Eye HEAVY LUBE - Heavy Enough So That It Can Be Spread With Your Finger UPPER RECEIVER (Lightly) - 2-3 drops to front detent locking lugs LOWER RECEIVER - Take down pins and moving parts of lower receiver (generous) - Buffer and buffer spring (lightly) BOLT CARRIER GROUP - Bolt, Cam pin and firing pin retaining pin (generous) - Slide and cam pin area (generous)

LUBRICATE (cont’d) BOLT CARRIER GROUP - Firing Pin (light) - Extractor and pin (light) - Charging handle (light) - Carrier surfaces (light) MAGAZINE - Tube - Spring (lightly lubricate the spring) - Follower (don’t remove from the spring)

M4 Functions Check 1. Place the selector lever on SAFE. 2. Pull charging handle to the rear and release. 3. Pull the trigger. The hammer should not fall. 4. Place the selector on SEMI. 5. Pull the trigger. The hammer should fall. 6. Hold the trigger to the rear and charge the weapon. 7. Release the trigger with a slow motion until the trigger is forward. 8. Pull the trigger the hammer should fall. 9. Place selector lever on BURST. 10. Charge the weapon and squeeze trigger. The hammer should fall. 11. Hold the trigger to the rear, pull the charging handle to the rear and release it three times. 12. Release the trigger, squeeze the trigger, the hammer should fall.

AMMUNITION BALL M 193 BALL M 855 (Green Tip) DUMMY (Crimped Casing) TRACER (red tips) BLANK (violet tip)

IMMEDIATE ACTION “ SPORTS ”

IMMEDIATE ACTION • -- Slap up on the Magazine • -- Pull the Charging Handle • -- Observe the Chamber • -- Release the Charging Handle • -- Tap the Forward Assist • -- Squeeze the Trigger

PreMarksmanship Training Instructor Name

Pre-Marksmanship Training MARKSMANSHIP FUNDEMENTALS Steady Position Aim Breathing Trigger Squeeze

Non Firing Hand: The rifle hand guard rests on the heel of the hand n the V formed by the thumb and fingers. The grip is light and slight rearward pressure is applied. Rifle Butt Position: The butt of the stock is placed in the pocket of the firing shoulder. This reduces the effect of recoil and helps ensure steady position Steady Position

Firing Hand Grip: The firing hand grasps the pistol grip so that it fits in the “V” formed by the formed by the thumb and forefinger. The forefinger is placed on the trigger so that the lay of the weapon is not disturbed when the trigger is squeezed Firing Elbow Placement: The location of the firing elbow is important in providing balance. The exact location, however, depends on the firing/fighting position used. Placement should allow shoulders to remain level. Steady Position

Stock Weld: The stock weld is taught as an integral part of various positions. Proper stock weld position should allow for correct sight alignment from the rear sight to the front sight to the target. Neck should be relaxed allowing cheek to fall naturally onto the stock. To begin proper stock weld, start by placing your nose on the charging handle when assuming a firing position. Non-Firing Elbow: The non-firing elbow is positioned firmly under the elbow to allow for comfortable and stable position. When the soldier engages a wide sector of fire, moving targets, and targets at various elevations, his non firing elbow should remain free of support. Steady Position

Support: If artificial support (sandbags, logs, stumps) is available, it should be used to steady the position and to support the rifle. If it is not available, then bones, not the muscles, in the firer’s upper body must support the rifle. Muscle Relaxation: If support is properly used, the soldier should be able to relax most of the muscles. Using artificial support or bones in the upper body as support allows him to relax and settle into position. Natural Point of Aim: When the soldier first assumes his firing position, he orients his rifle in the general direction of the target. Using proper support and consistent stock weld, the soldier, rifle and sight should align naturally on the target. As the weapon firers, the muscles tend to relax, causing the weapon to move away from the target toward the natural point of aim. Adjusting this point to the desired point of aim eliminates this movement. Steady Position

Rifle Sight Alignment: Alignment of the rifle with the target is critical. It involves placing the front sight post in the center of the rear sight aperture. Any alignment error between the front and rear sight repeats itself for every ½ meter the bullet travels. Aiming

Focusing the Eye: A proper firing position places the eye directly on line with the center of the rear sight. When the eye is focused on the front sight post, the natural ability of the eye to center objects in a circle and to seek the point of greatest light. The firer must place the tip of the front sight post on the aiming point, but the eye must be focused on the tip of the front sight post. This causes the actual target to appear blurry, while the front sight post is seen clearly. This technique is used for two reasons: - Only minor error should occur since the error reflects only as much as the soldier determines the target center - Focusing on the tip of the front sight post aids in the firer maintaining proper sight alignment. Aiming

Sight Picture: Once the soldier can correctly align his sights, he can obtain a sight picture. A correct sight picture has the TARGET, FRONT SIGHT POST, and REAR SIGHT aligned. The sight picture includes two basic elements: sight alignment and placement of the aiming point. Aiming

Sight Picture: A technique to obtain a good sight picture is the side aiming technique. It involves positioning the front sight post to the side of the target in line with the vertical center mass, keeping the sights aligned. The front sight post is moved horizontally until the target is directly centered on the front sight post. Aiming

Aiming Front Sight: The front sight is vital to proper firing and should be replaced when damaged. Two techniques that can be used are the carbide land and the burning plastic spoon. The post should be blackened anytime it is shiny since precise focusing on the tip of the front sight post cannot be done otherwise.

There is a moment of natural respiratory pause while breathing when most of the air has been exhaled from the lungs and before inhaling. Breathing should stop after most of the air has been exhaled during normal breathing cycle. The shot must be fired before any discomfort is felt. Breath Control

Trigger Squeeze If the trigger is not properly squeezed, the rifle is misaligned with the target at the moment of firing. Rifle Movement: - Any sudden movement of the finger on the trigger can disturb the lay of the weapon and cause the shot to miss the target - The precise instant of firing should be a surprise to the soldier Trigger Finger: - The trigger finger is placed on the trigger between the first joint and the tip of the finger. The trigger finger must squeeze the trigger to the rear so that the hammer falls without disturbing the lay of the rifle. Proper trigger squeeze should start with slight pressure on the trigger during initial aiming process. More pressure is applied one front sight post is steady on the target and the firer is holding their breath.

Mechanical Zero Front Sight Post Flush Front Sight Base flush with the base sight mount

0-600 meter aperture (No Marking) Windage Knob Limited visability and moving target aperture Elevation Knob set at 6/3 for M4 Rear Sight Aperture centered on index mark Index Mark Mechanical Zero M4 Rear Sight

Zeroing Procedures Must achieve 5 out of 6 shots inside the 4 cm circle in two consecutive shot group attempts to properly zero your weapon 1 2 4 3

DRY-FIRE EXERCISES DIME/WASHER SHADOW BOX DRY-FIRE TARGET

BASIC RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP