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Drugs as Medicines

Drugs as Medicines. Drugs and Medicines. - A drug is any substance, other than food, that when taken into the body alters the structure or function of the body in some way.

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Drugs as Medicines

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  1. Drugs as Medicines

  2. Drugs and Medicines • - A drug is any substance, other than food, that when taken into the body alters the structure or function of the body in some way. • -Medicine is a kind of drug that is taken into or applied to the body to prevent or cure a disease or disabling condition

  3. Classification of Drugs • Grouped according to their primary, beneficial effect on the body: • Fight disease producing organisms • Prevent disease • Affect the heart and blood vessels • Affect the nervous system * If a person does not use medicine cautiously and properly, any medicine can be harmful.

  4. Drugs that fight disease producing organisms • Two kinds of drugs either kill/help the body to kill disease producing organisms • Antibiotics • Penicillin – most effective • Tetracycline – only slow down growth & multiplication • Sulfa drugs

  5. Antibiotics & Sulfa Drugs • Antibiotics: a drug that microscopic living organisms produce • Destroy harmful disease-producing organisms in the body. • Sulfa Drugs: large family of germ killers that are made from certain chemical substances.

  6. Drugs that Prevent Disease • Two major types: • Vaccines- cause the body to develop antibodies to fight the disease-causing germs • Make body immune to disease • Antibody: protein substance in the blood that acts against poisons or bacteria producing them • Antisera- blood fluids that contain antibodies and act more quickly than vaccines • Globulins: blood proteins that contain antibodies, used to fight diseases: measles, mumps, hepatitis

  7. Drugs That Affect the Nervous System • Most widely used & most abused • Alter moods and feelings • 6 major groups: • Analgesics • Antidepressants • Stimulants • Hypnotics • Barbiturates • Tranquilizers

  8. 6 Major Groups • Analgesics- relieve/stop pain • Antidepressants- relieve emotional depression • Stimulants- prevent sleep, reduce distractibility in hyperactive children, and suppress appetite • Hypnotics- give relief to moderate/mild anxiety or tension (insomnia) • Barbiturates- (depressants) used like hypnotics and to prevent seizures • Tranquilizers- relieve anxiety/ tension (insomnia)

  9. What Happens to a Drug in the Body? • Depends on several factors • Type of drug • Method by which the person takes the drug • If food is in the stomach the absorption of the drug is slowed • Person’s body chemistry • Intravenously- in the veins • Intramuscularly- in the muscles Goes immediately into the bloodstream- effects body quicker

  10. Drug Interaction • When two or more different drugs are taken at the same time • Can cause one or both drugs to have stronger effects on the body than if each one is taken in isolation • Should not mix drugs • Ask dr./ pharmacist

  11. Tolerance & Dependence • Certain drugs cause the body to develop a tolerance . • Becomes used to the drug’s effect • The body can also develop a dependence (addiction) on certain drugs. • User develops a need for the drug all the time • Physical- body • Psychological –mentally dependent

  12. OTC & Prescription Drugs • The FDA decides which drugs require a doctor’s prescription • Over -the –counter (OTC)- safe to use without a doctor’s supervision. • Prescription- given with the doctor’s order

  13. Pain Relievers • Aspirin • Acetaminophen • Two types of analgesics: • Non-narcotic • Narcotic Analgesics

  14. Non-narcotic Pain Reliever • 1.)Aspirin- salicylic acid • Small amounts can irritate stomach (empty) • 2.)Acetaminophen- substitute for sensitive stomachs (doesn’t contain salicylic acid)

  15. Narcotic Pain Reliever • Narcotic- analgesics such as codeine and morphine; much more powerful • They stop very strong pain • Types of cancer • Postoperative pain • Severe injury • Only doctor can prescribe them (extremely addictive)

  16. Review Drug Over-the-counter drug Dependence • __________. A family of powerful pain relievers. • _________. Physical or psychological need for a drug. • ________. Aspirin is the most popular of these. • _______. A substance that alters the structure or function of the body. • ______. Any unpleasantness when a drug is taken away. • ____ ____ _____ _____. Can be bought without doctor’s prescription. Narcotics Analgesics Withdrawal

  17. Review • What are the four major groupings of drugs? • What does it mean to take a drug intravenously and intramuscularly ? • What is drug interaction? • Explain what is it meant by building a tolerance for a drug • What is the difference between physical and psychological dependency on drugs?

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