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The Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy A case study of Japanese immigrants and interest groups

The Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy A case study of Japanese immigrants and interest groups. Shamira M. Gelbman Dept. of Political Science Wabash College. The Japanese Immigrant Population. Demographics Relatively small population Concentrated (sort of) in the West

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The Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy A case study of Japanese immigrants and interest groups

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  1. The Politics of U.S. Immigration PolicyA case study of Japanese immigrants and interest groups Shamira M. Gelbman Dept. of Political Science Wabash College

  2. The Japanese Immigrant Population • Demographics • Relatively small population • Concentrated (sort of) in the West • Predominantly male, working age • Legal status • Issei were “aliens ineligible to citizenship” • Naturalization Acts of 1790 and 1870 • Nisei were natural-born U.S. citizens • 14th Amendment (1868)

  3. San Francisco, 1905-1910

  4. Chicago Tribune, 10/9/1920

  5. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html

  6. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html

  7. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html

  8. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html

  9. 1906

  10. The Japanese Immigrant Population • Demographics • Relatively small population • Concentrated (sort of) in the West • Predominantly male, working age • Legal status • Issei were “aliens ineligible to citizenship” • Naturalization Acts of 1790 and 1870 • Nisei were natural-born U.S. citizens • 14th Amendment (1868)

  11. Immigrant Occupations, 1906

  12. Immigrant Age Categories, 1906

  13. The Japanese Immigrant Population • Demographics • Relatively small population • Concentrated (sort of) in the West • Predominantly male, working age • Legal status • Issei were “aliens ineligible to citizenship” • Naturalization Acts of 1790 and 1870 • Nisei were natural-born U.S. citizens • 14th Amendment (1868)

  14. Small Comfort • Nisei were few, young, busy • Public perceptions, self-efficacy • “remember you are Americans, that you must be recognized as Americans. Go out and tell everybody who will listen” (Dr. Thomas T. Yatabe) • Issei-Nisei rivalry • Opposition organized first, better • American Federation of Labor , American Legion • Asiatic Exclusion League, Japanese Exclusion League of CA

  15. Small Comfort • Nisei were few, young, busy • Public perceptions, self-efficacy “remember you are Americans, that you must be recognized as Americans. Go out and tell everybody who will listen” (Dr. Thomas T. Yatabe, 1928) • Issei-Nisei disagreement, rivalry • Opposition organized first, better • American Federation of Labor , American Legion • Asiatic Exclusion League, Japanese Exclusion League of CA

  16. Which groups testified in congressional committee hearings? Dec. 1921-Feb. 1922 HCIN • American Legion • American Federation of Labor • Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers • Armenia American Society • International Seamen’s Union of America • Japanese Exclusion League of California

  17. JAA and JACL

  18. Next Steps • Impact of prewar Japanese-American lobby • Cable Act vs. everything else • JACL role in WWII internment • Pre and postwar relations with other organizations • Other immigrant groups • In coalitions for other causes • Former adversaries

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