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Classifying Living Organisms

Classifying Living Organisms. Domains and Kingdoms. Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System. Swedish botanist (1707-1778) Binomial Nomenclature – two-part scientific name Genus species Why Latin? Latin was the language known universally by the educated Also used as a descriptor.

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Classifying Living Organisms

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  1. Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms

  2. Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System • Swedish botanist (1707-1778) • Binomial Nomenclature – • two-part scientific name • Genus species • Why Latin? • Latin was the language known universally by the educated • Also used as a descriptor

  3. Carolus Linneaus • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

  4. gray silk mangrove snapper mangrove pargue mango snapper pargue black pargue black snapper lawyer silk snapper Common Names for Lutjanus griseus

  5. Avoiding common names Cougar • Cat • Gato • Koshka • Chien • kitty Mountain Lion Puma Catamount Panther

  6. Classifying by Relationship • Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia • Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata • Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia • Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora • Family Canidae Canidae Felidae • Genus Canis Canis Felis • species familiaris latrans domesticus

  7. Domains

  8. 6 Kingdoms of Living Things • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  9. Domain Archaeaor Kingdom Archaebacteria • Prokaryote • unicellular • Often do not need oxygen • Live in harsh environments; classified base on where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)

  10. Domain or Kingdom: Bacteria • Prokaryote • unicellular • Often do need oxygen • Live and feed by decomposing other cells. • Some can do photosynthesis. • Cell walls made of peptidoglycan. • video

  11. Baceria Shapes

  12. Heterotrophic Bacteria 1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use;E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you. 2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureusor Streptococcus pyogenes. 3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.

  13. Autotrophic Bacteria • Producers -> Use sunlight to make food and are often green. Example: • Cyanobacteria: Blue-green algae • Lives in water • Has chlorophyll (green pigment for photosynthesis) • Some others have blue or red pigment.

  14. Domain Eukaryota • Eukaryote • Unicellular or multicellular • Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae, Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

  15. Protist Kingdoms • Eukaryote • Unicellular • Heterotroph or Autotroph • No cell walls in Protozoa

  16. Protista includesProtozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movement

  17. Protista includesseveral types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

  18. Kingdom Plantae • Eukaryote • multicellular • Autotrophs: Photosynthesis • Strong cell walls made of cellulose

  19. 4 Main Divisions of Plants

  20. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryote • Multicellular or possibly unicellular • Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from decomposing organisms • Cell walls made of protein (chitin), not cellulose

  21. Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES

  22. 9 Major Animal Phyla • Porifera (sponges) • Cnidaria (jellyfish) • Platyhelminthes(flatworms) • Nematoda (roundworms) • Annelida (segmentedworms) • Mollusca (snails, clams, squid) • Arthropoda (insects, crabs) • Echinodermata (starfish) • Chordata (vertebrates)

  23. Kingdom Animalia • Eukaryote • multicellular • Heterotroph: eat other organisms • Cells lack cell walls

  24. VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

  25. What is a virus? • Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living organisms (hosts). Structure of Virus: • Capsid (Protein coat) • Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)

  26. How to Classify Viruses • By their shape • Type of disease they cause. • Kind of genetic material they have (DNA, RNA)

  27. Shapes:

  28. Lytic Cycle • Process used by virus using a cell to make more of their kind.

  29. Lysogenic Cycle

  30. Are virus alive? • Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. • They are not made of cells. • They need a host cell to reproduce. • There is no cure, only a treatment. • Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses • Antiviral medications only stop viruses from reproducing.

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