Phytate - IC Fitness Club

1. Phytates – Forgotten side of “Wheat”! Presented by IC Fitness Club - An Institute of Fitness Science www.icfitnessclub.com

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3. Slide 2: Introduction • Phytates, also known as phytic acid or inositol hexaphosphate, are naturally occurring compounds found in various plant-based foods. They are primarily found in seeds, nuts, grains, and legumes. Phytates play several important roles in plants, but they can also have both positive and negative effects on human nutrition and health. Here are some key points about phytates:

4. Continued… • Phytate Function in Plants: In plants, phytates serve as a storage form of phosphorus. They are essential for the plant's energy metabolism and are stored in seeds to provide a source of phosphorus for the developing plant embryo. • Antinutrient Properties: Phytates are often considered antinutrients because they can interfere with the absorption of certain minerals in the human digestive system. Phytates can bind to minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc in the gut, forming complexes that are poorly absorbed. This can potentially lead to mineral deficiencies, especially in individuals with diets high in phytate-rich foods. • Impact on Mineral Absorption: The degree to which phytates affect mineral absorption depends on various factors, including the overall diet, the specific minerals involved, and individual differences in digestion and absorption. In populations with diets high in phytate-rich foods, the impact on mineral absorption can be more significant.

5. Structure of Phytate

6. Continued… • Individual Variability: The impact of phytates on mineral absorption varies from person to person. Some individuals may be more affected by phytates due to genetic or health factors, while others may have less interference with mineral absorption.

7. Risk Factor of Phytates! • Iron Deficiency Anemia: High phytate consumption, particularly from unprocessed grains and legumes, is associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia. Iron from plant-based sources (non-heme iron) is less easily absorbed by the body, and the presence of phytates can further reduce its absorption. This is a significant concern for individuals who depend on plant-based diets for their iron intake. • Zinc Deficiency: Zinc absorption can also be negatively impacted by high phytate intake. Zinc is an essential mineral for immune function, growth, and overall health. Long-term zinc deficiency can lead to a range of health issues, including impaired immune function, delayed growth and development, and skin problems. • Calcium and Magnesium Deficiency: Phytates can interfere with the absorption of calcium and magnesium, potentially contributing to deficiencies in these minerals. This can have consequences for bone health, nerve function, and muscle function.

8. Continued… • Potential Impact on Bone Health: Excessive phytate consumption may contribute to reduced bone mineral density, which is a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. This is of particular concern in populations with diets heavily reliant on high-phytate foods. • Impact on Infants and Young Children: Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of high phytate consumption because their growing bodies require significant amounts of minerals like iron and zinc. An exclusive or predominantly plant-based diet for this age group may increase the risk of mineral deficiencies.

9. Summary • In summary, phytates are naturally occurring compounds found in plant-based foods that can affect mineral absorption in the human digestive system. While they have both negative and positive aspects, their impact on nutrition and health can be managed through dietary choices, food processing methods, and individual variability.