AMINO ACID ANABOLISM

1. AMINO ACID ANABOLISM

2. it’s a legume! fixes nitrogen

3. The nitrogen cycle fig 22-1

4. Annamox Bacteria! Nature’s rocket scientists Box 22-1

5. Annamox Bacteria! Nature’s rocket scientists Box 22-1

6. Annamox Bacteria! Nature’s rocket scientists Hydrazine-proof chamber Box 22-1

7. nitrogen fixation nitrifying bacteria plants, some bacteria mammalian diet Usual route of N from atmosphere to mammalian metabolism N2 NH4+ NOx conversion to needed compounds NH4+ in a.a.

8. nitrogenase at the heart of N2 fixation very sensitive to O2!!!!! fig 22-2

9. symbiosis of N2 fixing bacteria a protected environment: leghemoglobin fig 22-4

10. glutamine synthetase glutamate + ATP + NH4+ glutamine + ADP + Pi fig 22-5

11. allosteric regulation of glutamine synthetase fig 22-6

12. adenylylation (often “adenylation”) fig 22-7

13. adenylylation regulates GS, and… uridylylation regulates adenylylation of GS!! fig 22-7

14. S S NH3+ NH3+ glutamine amidotransferases gln glu S

15. amino acids are synthesize from Krebs, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways

16. classic allosteric regulation of amino acid synthesis fig 22-21

17. interlocking regulation of multiple pathways by allosteric regulation fig 22-22

18. things from amino acids… glutathione! fig 22-27

19. gaminobuterate (glutamate) things from amino acids… epinephrine norepinephrine dopamine tyrosine glutamate tryptophan serotonin arginine NO neurotransmitters!

20. things from amino acids… porphyrins glycine glycine creatine arginine stop

22. Nucleotide Metabolism

23. nucleotide nucleoside

26. a key molecule in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis

27. purines: where does all them darn atoms come from?? fig 22-32

28. fig 22-33

29. fig 22-33

30. ETC. fig 22-33, sorta

31. inosine, built “on the ribose” to make IMP fig 22-33, still

32. and inosinate begat adenylate and xanthylate, and xanthylate begat guanylate… fig 22-34

33. regulation of the early steps of purine synthesis fig 22-35

34. pyrimidine biosynthesis orotate, built “off the ribose” fig 22-36

35. pyrimidine biosynthesis OTP then modified to CTP, etc fig 22-36

36. fig 22-38

37. Ad + PRPP AMP + PP Two ways for mammals to make and/or use purines and pyrimidines 1) de novo synthesis (see above) 2) salvage pathways

38. hypoxanthine + PRPP IMP + PP Two ways for mammals to make and/or use purines and pyrimidines 1) de novo synthesis (see above) 2) salvage pathways Lesch-Nyhan disease

39. Two ways for mammals to make and/or use purines and pyrimidines 1) de novo synthesis (see above) 2) salvage pathways pyrimidine salvage is similar but not well understood in mammals…

40. inhibitors of glutamine amindo- transferases chemo- therapeutics fig 22-48

41. remember the “D” in DNA??? either or fig 22-39

42. what’s the difference between T and U?? fig 22-44

43. where the THF gets its methy... fig 22-44

44. more chemotherapeutics

45. inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase cycle fig 22-49

46. xanthine oxidase catabolism of purines… fig 22-45

47. fig 22-45

48. out with gout!!! 1735

49. out with gout!!! xanthine oxidase too active fig 22-47

50. out with gout!!! xanthine oxidase inhibitor fig 22-47