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MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM

MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM. RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. KNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE & ADAPTATION UNDERSTAND HOW EXERCISE AFFECTS THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS OF THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM.

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MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • KNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE & ADAPTATION • UNDERSTAND HOW EXERCISE AFFECTS THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM • BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS OF THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM

  3. The Anatomy (Structure) Of The Skeleton The skeleton can be split into 2 sections Section 1 The Axial Skeleton Section 2 The Appendicular Skeleton

  4. Functions of the skeleton • SHAPE • SUPPORT • MOVEMENT • PROTECTION • BLOOD PRODUCTION

  5. Joint Mobility • Is dependent upon; • the structure of the joint • and • the elasticity of the muscles

  6. Joint Mobility, - types of joint There are 3 types of joint Synovial Joints Allow an extensive range of movement Different designs allow different types of movement e.g. the elbow Fibrous Joints Allow no movement Bones are joined by strong fibrous sutras e.g. the bones that make up the cranium Cartilaginous Joints. Allow a small amount of movement. Bones are joined by a pad of cartilage that will absorb shock. e.g. the bones within the vertebral column

  7. JOINTS • HOW MANY DIFFERENT SYNOVIAL JOINTS CAN YOU NAME? • CAN YOU GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH? • ANSWER: • BALL & SOCKET – SHOULDER / HIP • HINGE – ELBOW / KNEE / ANKLE • CONDYLOID – WRIST • GLIDING – CARPALS • PIVOT – ATLAS & AXIS (NECK) • SADDLE - THUMB

  8. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  9. STRUCTURE OF MUSCLES

  10. Muscle Fibre Types Slow Twitch Fast Twitch IIa Fast Twitch IIb

  11. Muscular-skeletal system Effects of Exercise – Responses and adaptations of the body systems Responses (fibre recruitment, force production and metabolism) • What is a response? Ans; Short term temporary change. • Responses occur to facilitate an ease of function. • i.e. exercise generates heat, heat encourages increased synovial fluid = increased ROM • 3 fibre types • Intensity level determines the fibre recruitment type.

  12. RESPONSES • RANGE OF MOTION – HEAT • FLEXIBILITY – MUSCLE TEMPERATURE • RECRUITMENT • FORCE PRODUCTION • METABOLISM

  13. Muscular-skeletal system Effects of Exercise – Responses and adaptations of the body systems Adaptations (Increased fibre size, increased force production, increased metabolic energy supply.) • What is an adaptation? Ans; A long term, permanent change to the environment. • Adaptations are dependent upon the environment and so they will differ dependent upon the environment, i.e. anaerobic training will produce different adaptations to aerobic training. • Characteristics of the fibre types will be enhanced with appropriate training.

  14. ADAPTATIONS • BONE DENSITY – WEIGHT BEARING EXERCISE • SPECIFIC FIBRE ADAPTATIONS • PAGE 52 – TABLE 3.1

  15. HOMEWORK • CREATE A TABLE TO LIST THE RESPONSES AND ADAPTATIONS OF THE BODY SYSTEMS • FILL IT IN FOR THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM

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