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What Are the Major Physiological Systems ?

What Are the Major Physiological Systems ?. Nervous system – relays messages through nerve impulses Responsible for controlling and integrating the other systems of the body Neurons are the basic units Endocrine system – glands which secrete chemical messages ( hormones ).

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What Are the Major Physiological Systems ?

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  1. What Are the Major Physiological Systems ? • Nervous system – relays messages through nerve impulses • Responsible for controlling and integrating the other systems of the body • Neurons are the basic units • Endocrine system – glands which secrete chemical messages (hormones)

  2. What Are the Major Parts of a Neuron ? • Dendrites – receive information • Cell body – generates electrical signals or action potentials • Axon – transmits signals at the synapse by way of neurotransmitters

  3. Neuron

  4. Action Potential Movie

  5. What Are the Major Divisions of the Nervous System ? • Central nervous system (CNS) • Brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) • Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

  6. CNS & PNS

  7. What Are Some of the Major Features of the Brain’s Structure ? • The brain consists of 3 major parts • Hindbrain – brainstem • Midbrain – limbic system • Forebrain – cerebral cortex

  8. Hindbrain Graphic

  9. Midbrain Graphic

  10. Forebrain Graphic

  11. What Are Some of the Major Features of the Brain’s Structure ? • The brain is divided into a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere

  12. Left hemisphere movie

  13. What Are Some of the Major Features of the Brain’s Structure ? • The corpus callosum connects the hemispheres

  14. Split Brain Movie

  15. What Are the Major Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System ? • Somatic nervous system – connects CNS with the skeletal muscles & senses • Autonomic nervous system – connects CNS with the internal organs and glands • Sympathetic division – produces the emergency reaction • Parasympathetic division – returns body to normal functioning

  16. Endocrine System

  17. What Are the Major Divisions of the Endocrine System ? • Pituitary gland – the most influential gland • Influenced by the hypothalamus • Regulates growth • Controls other glands • Located on the underside of the brain

  18. What Are the Major Divisions of the Endocrine System ? • Thyroid gland – located below the larynx • Produces thyroxin • Regulates body’s metabolism • Parathyroid glands – 4 pea-shaped organs in the thyroid gland • Regulates calcium in blood • Related to excitability of nervous system

  19. What Are the Major Divisions of the Endocrine System ? • Pancreas – located in stomach area • Regulates level of sugar in blood by secreting insulin • Gonads – ovaries & testes • Produces secondary sex characteristics • Adrenal glands – located above kidneys • Helps with fight/flight/fright reaction

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