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Research and Methodology

Research and Methodology. Vocab Review--. Hypothesis? Independent vs. Dependent Variable? Operational Definition? Validity vs. Reliability? Sample vs. Population? Types of sampling?. Types of Studies--Review. Experimental—Causation!!!! Lab vs. Field Confounding variables

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Research and Methodology

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  1. Research and Methodology

  2. Vocab Review-- • Hypothesis? • Independent vs. Dependent Variable? • Operational Definition? • Validity vs. Reliability? • Sample vs. Population? • Types of sampling?

  3. Types of Studies--Review • Experimental—Causation!!!! • Lab vs. Field • Confounding variables • Hawthorne Effect • Participant relevant • Situation relevant • Experimenter bias • Eliminated by Double Blind • Assignment of exp vs. control group • Placebo Effect • Pros and Cons of Experimental

  4. Types of Studies--Review • Correlational Method—no causation • Ex post facto study • Survey Method—very popular, why? • Example— • Pros and cons of Correlational

  5. Types of Studies--Review • Naturalistic Observation—No Interference • Example at zoo— • Pros vs. Cons

  6. Types of Studies--Review • Case Studies—TESS • Pros vs. Cons

  7. ETHICS REVIEW • APA Guidelines • Institutional Review Board—IRB • Animal Research Guidelines—4 things • Human Research Guidelines—5 things

  8. STATISTICS • Descriptive Stats— • Frequency distributions • Frequency polygons • histograms (bar graph) • Do an example!

  9. STATS • Central Tendency • Mean • Outliers—example • Negatively Skewed—left skewed • Positively Skewed—right skewed --Median • Mode

  10. STATS • Variability of Descriptive Statistics • Range • Variance • Standard Deviation • Normal curve • 68, 95, 99.7 rule • Z-score • Percentiles

  11. STATS • Correlations • Relationship between two variables • Example-- • Correlation Coefficient (+1 to -1) • Scatter Plot • Line of Best Fit/Regression Line

  12. STATS • Inferential Statistics • Can the findings be GENERALIZED to the population from which the sample came? • Statistically Significant • P value • The smaller the p value, the more significant the results • P value of .05 means that a 5% chance exists that the results happened by chance • P value can never equal 0 because we can never be 100% sure results did not happen by chance

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