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Earthquakes

Earthquakes. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Interactive Notebook Introduction 7. Chemistry 9. ………………….. . ………………….. . Plate Tectonics 57. Earthquakes ??. 11/13/13. A Riddle: What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common??.

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Earthquakes

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  1. Earthquakes

  2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Interactive Notebook Introduction 7 Chemistry 9 ………………….. ………………….. Plate Tectonics 57 Earthquakes ?? 11/13/13

  3. A Riddle: What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common??

  4. What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common?? • In your interactive notebook (output) write down the riddle above. • Answer the following questions: 1. Can a single object both BEND and BREAK? Explain your answer. Use an example as support!! 2. Demo 1: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened. 3. Demo 2: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened.

  5. What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common?? Too much STRESS and you break!!!!!

  6. What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common?? • In your interactive notebook (output) write down the riddle above. • Answer the following questions: 1. Can a single object both BEND and BREAK? Explain your answer. Use an example as support!! 2. Demo 1: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened. 3. Demo 2: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened. Write a one paragraph summary (6-8 sentences) about how the application of stress can deform the lithosphere. Deformation- the process by which the shape of a rock changes.

  7. Bell Work 11/14/13 • On your desk: • P.R.I.D.E card • I.N. • Pencil/Pen • Summary  1. How do you get a spaghetti noodle to bend and not break? The spaghetti BENDS when you apply stress slowly and gently. 2. How do you break a spaghetti noodle? The spaghetti BREAKS if you apply stress quickly and with a lot of force. 3. How can you apply this concept to the lithosphere? The Earth’s lithosphere also bends and breaks depending on the amount of stress applied.

  8. Earthquakes

  9. Earthquakes • Earthquake-a movement of Earth’s lithosphere (rigid solid) that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere suddenly shift, releasing stored energy!

  10. They’re Caused by a Build-up of STRESS in Earth’s Crust • As tectonic plates move, they cause stress in the crust, which in turn produces folds and faults.

  11. Stress in Earth’s Crust • Stress(in earthquake terms)- • a force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions. • Does stress occur at… • Convergentplate boundaries? • Divergentplate boundaries? • Transform boundaries? Stress = Folds and Faults!

  12. Folds=Plastic Deformation • A bend in layers of rock in response to stress • Form where rocks are squeezed together, but do not break • This doesn’t lead to earthquakes

  13. Faults • Faults- • A fracture, or break, in Earth’s lithosphere • Blocks of rocks move (scrape) past each other • San Andreas Fault

  14. Where do earthquakes occur?? • Most earthquakes happen along plate boundaries • Ring of Fire- belt around the Pacific plate • 80% of all earthquakes occur here http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=gRlj5vjp3Ko

  15. Why Exactly do Earthquakes Happen? • Elastic Rebound-The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its original shape • Elastic rebound occurs when more stress is applied to rock than the rock can withstand. • During elastic rebound, energy is released as an earthquake

  16. Let’s clarify some definitions!!! Text Book: Pages 112 -131

  17. Bill Nye – Earthquakes!! • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=g6DiGGTlKDM

  18. Bell Work 11/18/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen • What is stress? A force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions. 2. What does stress cause in the lithosphere? Folds and faults 3. What is a fault? A fracture or break in the Earth’s lithosphere.

  19. It’s an Earthquake! • Earthquakes song • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=sA6oZ4YgKCA

  20. A little more on faults!!!

  21. Are there different types of faults? • Yes! • Faults are classified by how rocks move • Three types: • Normal faults • Reverse faults • Strike-slip faults

  22. Normal Fault • Occur at divergent boundaries • Divergent boundary- • Plates drifting apart • Normal fault- • Block slides down relative to the surface • Move vertically

  23. Reverse Fault • Occur at convergent boundaries • Convergent boundary- • Plates coming together • Reverse fault- • Block slides up relative to the surface • Move vertically

  24. Strike-Slip Fault • Occur at transform boundaries • Transform boundary- • Plates slide past one another in different directions • Strike-slip fault- • Blocks slide in opposite directions • Move horizontally

  25. Faults Foldable- Use color-Make sure strata aligns properly!! Text Book : Page 114-115

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