America in the 1920’s and 1930’s

1. America in the 1920’s and 1930’s

2. Women’s Rights • 19th Amendment is passed in August of 1920 – gave women the right to vote • Flappers – women who challenged traditional dress and behavior

3. Red Scare • Labor unrest, strikes and violence led many people to worry about Communist/Anarchist influence in the US. • Xenophobia – fear and hatred of foreigners • Nicola Sacco/Bartolomeo Vanzetti – executed in 1927 • American Civil Liberties Union - ACLU

4. Great Migration • During the 1920’s, hundreds of thousands of black southerners began moving to the North to escape racial prejudice • Faced opposition from whites concerned about job losses • 25 urban race riots during the 1920’s in the North

5. 1920’s politics • Warren Harding elected President in 1920 • Ohio Gang • Teapot Dome Scandal • Harding dies in 1923 – Calvin Coolidge takes over • Disarmament – limiting military weapons • Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 – outlawed war • Herbert Hoover elected President in 1928 • Republican policies were pro-business – believed that it was not the government’s job to solve social problems • Country became isolationist again

6. Prohibition • January 16, 1920 – 18th amendment is passed – banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages • Speakeasies – illegal clubs that sold alcohol • Bootleggers – alcohol smugglers • Led to the rise of major criminal organizations – Al Capone • December 5th, 1933 – 21st amendment ends Prohibition

7. Culture Wars • Fundamentalism – teaches that the Bible is literally true and free of error • 1925 – Scopes Monkey Trial • Nativism – anti-immigrant feelings • Emergency Quota Act – 1921 – limited immigration to 375,000 a year • National Origins Act – 1924 – favored European immigrants over other races

8. Boom Times • 1920’s – economic growth and business doubled • Henry Ford – used assembly line techniques to manufacture large numbers of cars – Model T - $290 in 1927 • Mass production methods led to tremendous business growth and new job opportunities • Installment plans – customers made down payments and had a monthly payment after that

9. Jazz Age • Fads – Flappers, Marathon Dancing, Flagpole Sitting • 1920 – radio programs are aired regularly for the first time • Movies were invented in the late 1800’s – Nickelodeons – early theaters • 1927 – first movie with sound is released – “The Jazz Singer”

10. Famous People of the 1920’s • Movies – Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Greta Garbo • Sports – Jim Thorpe – Football/Olympics • Helen Wills – Tennis • Red Grange – Football • George Herman Ruth “Babe” – Baseball • Leroy (Satchel) Paige, James (Cool Papa) Bell – Negro Leagues Baseball • Charles Lindbergh – Pilot – first to fly across the Atlantic – 1927 • Amelia Earhart – Female pilot – disappeared in 1937

11. Blues and Jazz • Ragtime, Blues, and Jazz were popular music styles during the 1920’s • Ragtime – Scott Joplin • Blues – W.C. Handy, Bessie Smith • Jazz – Louie Armstrong, Duke Ellington • Harlem Renaissance – period of African-American artistic growth – Langston Hughes • Lost Generation – writers disgusted by the destruction of World War I – Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald • Expatriate – person who leaves their native country to live elsewhere