Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology Musculoskeletal System Chapter 11

Functions • support and protect internal organs • bones • body movements • joints and muscles • blood forming function (hematopoiesis) • bone marrow • mineral storage

Long Bones • diaphysis, epiphysis • compact bone, medullary cavity • spongy bone, erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis • periosteum, osteoblasts

Other Bones • Short - cancellous bone • Irregular • Flat

Skeleton 206 bones • Axial Skeleton • 80 bones • skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum • protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

Skeleton • Appendicular126 bones • upper extremities and shoulder girdle • protects organs of digestion, excretion, reproduction

Vertebral Column • vertebrae - 26 • cervical - 7 • thoracic - 12 • lumbar - 5 • sacrum - 1 • coccyx - 1 • intervertebral disks

Ribs and Sternum • 12 pairs of ribs, costals (cost/o) • sternum , breast bone • xiphoid process • thoracic cavity

Shoulders • pectoral or shoulder girdle • clavicle or collarbone • scapula

Humerus • Radius • Ulna Arms Radius Ulna

Phalanges • carpals • metacarpals • phalanges Metacarpals Carpals

Pelvic (Hip) Girdle • ilium - upper, blade shaped • ischium - lower and posterior • acetabulum - hip socket • symphysis pubis - anterior portion • sacrum • coccyx

Joints (articulations) • Diarthroses, amphiarthroses, synarthroses • ligaments bones to bones • tendons muscles to bones • synovial membrane and fluid

Functions of Muscles • hold the body erect • make movements possible • move food, fluids and other body structures through ducts • propulsion of blood • contraction of bladder • muscle movement produces about 85% of heat generation

Attachments • fleshy attachments • muscle fibers arise from bone • fibrous attachments • connective tissue (epimysium, perimysium, endomysium)to form a tendon • aponeurosis - large area of fibrous attachment

Types of Muscles Three types of muscle tissue - described according to their function. • striated, voluntary • smooth, unstriated, involuntary, visceral • cardiac, involuntary • Striated in appearance, smooth in action

Pathology - Bones • osteomyelitis • bone infection • hematoma, ankylosis, necrosis • Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans) • chronic inflammation of bones

Fractures • closed or simple • open or compound • complicated • comminuted • impacted • incomplete • greenstick

Osteoporosis • Decrease on bone density • bone pain, commonly in the back

Spinal Disorders • scoliosis • kyphosis • lordosis • spina bifida • spina bifida occulta • spina bifida cystica • spondylitis

Joints • arthritis • rheumatoid • osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) • gouty arthritis

Muscles Myasthenia gravis acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) Muscular dystrophy genetic, atrophy

Oncology • Osteomas • sarcoma • fibrosarcoma • lymphosarcoma • chondrosarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma

End of Lesson

Medical Terminology